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{{quote2|I want to stomp a stump!|[[Bee]]|[[Super Mario Galaxy]]}}
{{Redirect|Nail|the swingable rods from [[Super Mario Galaxy 2]]|[[wire]]}}
[[File:SMG Stump.png|200px|thumbnail|A Stump from ''Super Mario Galaxy'']]
{{item infobox
'''Stumps''' are objects found in most 3D ''Mario'' games and the ''Yoshi'' franchise. They can be [[Ground Pound]]ed by any character, and may or may not result in something happening. They more resemble wooden pegs in ''[[Super Mario 64]]'' and its [[Super Mario 64 DS|remake]], but are changed to look more like tree stumps starting in ''[[Super Mario Galaxy]]''.
|image=[[File:SMG Asset Model Stump.png|200px]]<br>Model from ''Super Mario Galaxy''
|first_appearance=''[[ Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island]]'' ([[List of games by date#1995|1995]])
|latest_appearance=''[[Super Mario 3D All-Stars]]'' ([[List of games by date#2020|2020]])
}}
{{quote|I want to stomp a stump!|Honeybee|Super Mario Galaxy}}
'''Stumps''' are recurring objects in the [[Super Mario (series)|''Super Mario'' franchise]]. They can be [[Ground Pound|ground-pound]]ed by any character, and they may or may not result in something happening. They more resemble wooden pegs in ''[[Super Mario 64]]'' and [[Super Mario 64 DS|its remake]], but more closely resemble tree stumps starting in ''[[Super Mario Galaxy]]''.
==History==
===''Yoshi's Island'' series===
Similar objects called '''posts'''<ref>{{cite|author=Miller, Kent; Munson, Terry|title=''Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island'' Player's Guide|date=1995|publisher=Nintendo of America|language=American English|page=27}}</ref> appear. They are obstacles in ''[[Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island]]'', [[Yoshi's Island: Super Mario Advance 3|its Game Boy Advance version]], ''[[Yoshi's Island DS]]'', and ''[[Yoshi's New Island]]''. They are wooden posts that come up from the ground, and [[Yoshi (species)|Yoshi]] must [[Ground Pound]] them. In ''Yoshi's Island DS'', [[Baby Donkey Kong]] can stomp them straight to the ground in one single ground pound. [[Coin]]s and [[Red Coin]]s can occasionally be found in these. They mostly block Yoshi's way and must be ground pounded. In [[Raphael The Raven's Castle]], they are used to attack [[Raphael the Raven]]. Posts also appear in ''[[Yoshi's New Island]]'' and perform the same function. [[Ground Pound Rebound]] is one of a few levels to feature them.


==History==
===''Super Mario'' series===
===[[Super Mario (series)|''Super Mario'' series]]===
====''Super Mario 64'' / ''Super Mario 64 DS''====
====''Super Mario 64'' / ''Super Mario 64 DS''====
[[File:BobOmbBattlefield.png|thumb|left|200px|Mario ground-pounding the stump]]
[[File:BobOmbBattlefield.png|thumb|left|200px|[[Mario]] ground-pounding a stump]]
In ''[[Super Mario 64]]'' and [[Super Mario 64 DS|its remake]], stumps are seen throughout [[Bob-omb Battlefield]] and the "huge" side of [[Tiny-Huge Island]]. [[Ground Pound|Ground-pounding]] them three times may release [[coin]]s or other power-ups. In ''Super Mario 64 DS'', [[Wario]] only needs to pound a stump once to drive it all the way into the ground. Stumps play a very minor role in the mission [[Behind Chain-Chomp's Gate]] in Bob-omb Battlefield, where a [[Chain Chomp]] is tied to one; ground-pounding it three times frees the Chain Chomp, who will in turn break the gate that was blocking a [[Power Star]].  
In ''Super Mario 64'' and its remake, stumps (referred to as '''posts''')<ref>{{cite|author=Pelland, Scott; Owsen, Dan|title=''Super Mario 64'' Player's Guide|location=Redmond, WA|language=American English|publisher=[[Nintendo|Nintendo of America]]|date=1996|page=22 and 23}}</ref> are seen throughout the [[Bob-omb Battlefield]] and the "huge" side of [[Tiny-Huge Island]]. In ''Super Mario 64 DS'', they are also found on [[Whomp's Fortress]] and [[Tall, Tall Mountain]]. [[Ground Pound|Ground-pounding]] them three times may release [[coin]]s (in the DS version, they may also release [[Super Mushroom|mushroom]]s). In ''Super Mario 64 DS'', [[Wario]] needs to pound a stump only once to drive it all the way into the ground. Stumps play a minor role in the mission [[Behind Chain Chomp's Gate]] in the Bob-omb Battlefield, where a [[Chain Chomp]] is tied to one; ground-pounding it three times frees the Chain Chomp, who will in turn break the gate that was blocking a [[Power Star]].


If Mario runs around an intact stump five consecutive times, five coins will appear from it; this can only be done once per stump.
If the player runs around an intact stump five consecutive times, five coins will appear from it; this can be done only once per stump.


In ''Super Mario 64'', even if a stump is stomped all the way, the sound effect of pounding a stump will still play if ground-pounded again. This mistake was corrected in ''Super Mario 64 DS''.
In ''Super Mario 64'', even if a stump is stomped all the way, the sound effect of pounding a stump will still play if ground-pounded again. This mistake was corrected in ''Super Mario 64 DS''.
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====''Super Mario Sunshine''====
====''Super Mario Sunshine''====
[[File:HillsideCaveSecret.png|thumb|Nails in ''Super Mario Sunshine'']]
[[File:HillsideCaveSecret.png|thumb|Nails in ''Super Mario Sunshine'']]
Although not stumps, '''Nails'''<ref>Hodgson, David S J, Bryan Stratton, and Stephen Stratton. ''Super Mario Sunshine'' [[Prima Games|Prima]] Official Strategy Guide. Page 14.</ref> behave near identically to stumps of ''Super Mario 64'' in ''[[Super Mario Sunshine]]''. They are found in various [[Super Mario Sunshine#Secret Levels|secret levels]], such as [[The Hillside Cave Secret]]. Most give a coin when fully Ground Pounded, while some give a [[1-Up Mushroom]]. However, the player cannot run around an intact nail to receive anything like in ''Super Mario 64''.
Although not stumps, '''Nails'''<ref>{{cite|author=Hodgson, David S J; Stratton, Bryan; Stratton, Stephen|date=2002|title=''Super Mario Sunshine'' Prima's Official Strategy Guide|isbn=0761539611|page=14|language=American English|publisher=[[Prima Games]]}}</ref> behave near identically to stumps of ''Super Mario 64'' in ''[[Super Mario Sunshine]]''. They are found in various [[Super Mario Sunshine#Secret Levels|secret levels]], such as [[The Hillside Cave Secret]]. Most give a coin when fully Ground Pounded, while some give a [[1-Up Mushroom]]. However, the player cannot run around an intact nail to receive anything like in ''Super Mario 64''.
{{br}}
{{br}}


====''Super Mario Galaxy''====
====''Super Mario Galaxy''====
[[File:SMG Thorn Planet.png|thumb|left|200px|A Stump found in Gusty Garden Galaxy]]
[[File:SMG Thorn Planet.png|thumb|left|200px|A Stump found in Gusty Garden Galaxy]]
Larger stumps reappear in ''[[Super Mario Galaxy]]'' in only the [[Gusty Garden Galaxy]] and the [[Gold Leaf Galaxy]]. When [[Ground Pound]]ed, they turn red. They also now only need to be Ground Pounded once, as opposed to the three times from ''[[Super Mario 64]]'' or ''[[Super Mario 64 DS]]''. Ground Pounding on a Stump in ''Super Mario Galaxy'' produces various results, such as having two [[Goomba]]s or [[Flipbug]]s appear, causing many [[Star Bit]]s appear, and very rarely, producing a [[Life Mushroom]] or a [[Sling Star]]. At one point, a stump is used to get a giant caterpillar to move.
Larger stumps reappear in ''[[Super Mario Galaxy]]'' in only the [[Gusty Garden Galaxy]] and the [[Gold Leaf Galaxy]]. When [[Ground Pound]]ed, they turn red. They also now only need to be Ground Pounded once, as opposed to the three times from ''[[Super Mario 64]]'' or ''[[Super Mario 64 DS]]''. Ground Pounding on a stump in ''Super Mario Galaxy'' produces various results, such as having two [[Goomba]]s or [[Flipbug]]s appear, causing many [[Star Bit]]s appear, and very rarely, producing a [[Life Mushroom]] or a [[Sling Star]]. At one point, a stump is used to get a giant [[worm (Super Mario Galaxy)|worm]] to move.
{{br}}
{{br}}


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====''Super Mario 3D Land''====
====''Super Mario 3D Land''====
[[File:SM3DL S1-1 Stump.png|thumb|left|Stumps, found in [[Special 1-1]]]]
Stumps reappear in ''[[Super Mario 3D Land]]'' somewhat rarely, but with the same use as before. They can leave coins or power-ups, and no longer turn red after being Ground Pounded. Some stumps are raised higher and need to be Ground Pounded twice, though a pound from [[Statue Mario]] will pound them in completely.
Stumps reappear in ''[[Super Mario 3D Land]]'' somewhat rarely, but with the same use as before. They only leave coins, and no longer turn red after being Ground Pounded. Some stumps are raised higher and need to be Ground Pounded twice, though a pound from [[Statue Mario]] will pound them in completely.
 
{{br}}
===''Mario Party''===
[[File:GroundPoundMP1.png|thumb|Stumps in ''Mario Party'']]
In ''[[Mario Party]]'', the minigame [[Ground Pound (minigame)|Ground Pound]] requires the player to ground-pound desired flat stumps and avoid potentially spiky stumps. Ten [[coin]]s are rewarded if the player ground-pounds all five flat stumps.


===[[Yoshi (franchise)|''Yoshi'' franchise]]===
===''Yoshi's Woolly World'' / ''Poochy & Yoshi's Woolly World''===
In the [[Yoshi's Island (series)|''Yoshi's Island'' series]], similar objects called '''posts'''<ref>The ''Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island'' Player's Guide. Page 27.</ref> appear. They are obstacles in ''[[Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island]]'', ''[[Yoshi's Island: Super Mario Advance 3]]'', ''[[Yoshi's Island DS]]'', ''[[Yoshi's New Island]]'', and ''[[Yoshi's Woolly World]]''. They appear in many levels. They are wooden posts that come up from the ground, and [[Yoshi (species)|Yoshi]] must [[Ground Pound]] them. In ''Yoshi's Island DS'', [[Baby Donkey Kong]] can stomp them straight to the ground in one single ground pound. [[Coin]]s and [[Red Coin]]s can occasionally be found in these. They mostly block Yoshi's way and must be ground pounded. In [[Raphael The Raven's Castle]], they are used to attack [[Raphael the Raven]]. Posts also appear in ''[[Yoshi's New Island]]'' and perform the same function. [[Ground Pound Rebound]] is one of a few levels to feature them.
In ''[[Yoshi's Woolly World]]'' and its [[Poochy & Yoshi's Woolly World|Nintendo 3DS version]], stumps are based on their appearance in the ''Yoshi's Island'' series and function similarly as in the games.


====Gallery====
===''WarioWare Gold''===
In the third difficulty of the [[Yoshi's Island (microgame)|Yoshi's Island]] microgame from ''[[WarioWare Gold]]'', which is based on ''Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island'', two adjacent posts can be used to reach and rescue [[Baby Mario]] from a [[bubble]].
 
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
SMW2 Log.PNG|A [[Yoshi (species)|Brown Yoshi]] standing on a Post in the first image. The second image shows that the Yoshi presumably ground pounded the Post almost to the ground.
SMW2 Post.png|Sprite from ''[[Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island]]''
RaphaelTheRavensCastle2.png|Yoshi fighting Raphael the Raven by ground pounding posts.
SMW2 Log.PNG|Screenshot from ''Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island''
Ground Pound Rebound.png|Yoshi ground pounding a post.
SM64 Asset Model Stump.png|Model from ''[[Super Mario 64]]''
A-Mazing Post Pounding.png|''Yoshi's Woolly World''
SM64 Stump.png|Screenshot from ''Super Mario 64''
Story Post.png|Sprite from ''[[Yoshi's Story]]''
SMS Screenshot Nail.png|Screenshot of a Nail from ''[[Super Mario Sunshine]]''
SMG Stump.png|Screenshot form ''[[Super Mario Galaxy]]''
SM3DL Screenshot Stump.jpg|Screenshot from ''[[Super Mario 3D Land]]''
SM3DL S1-1 Stump.png|a Stump in [[Special 1-1]] of ''Super Mario 3D Land''
YNI Post.png|Screenshot from ''[[Yoshi's New Island]]''
Ground Pound Rebound.png|Screenshot from ''Yoshi's New Island''
A-Mazing Post Pounding.png|Screenshot from ''[[Yoshi's Woolly World]]''
</gallery>
</gallery>


===''Mario Party''===
==Additional names==
[[File:GroundPoundMP1.png|thumb|right|Stumps in ''Mario Party'']]
===Internal names===
In ''[[Mario Party]]'', there is a [[Ground Pound (minigame)|minigame]] that has the player using ground pound on desired flat stumps and potentially spiky stumps. Ten [[coin]]s are rewarded if the player ground pounds all five stumps.
{{internal names
|game1=''[[Super Mario Galaxy]]''<br>''[[Super Mario Galaxy 2]]''
|file1=<tt>ObjectData/PicketSwitch.arc</tt>
|name1=PicketSwitch
|meaning1=Picket Switch
|game2=''Super Mario Galaxy''<br>''Super Mario Galaxy 2''
|file2=<tt>StageData/ObjNameTable.arc/ObjNameTable.tbl</tt><br><tt>SystemData/ObjNameTable.arc/ObjNameTable.tbl</tt>
|name2=杭スイッチ (''Kui Suicchi'')
|meaning2=Stake Switch
|game3=''[[Super Mario 3D Land]]''
|file3=<tt>romfs/ObjectData/Picket.szs</tt>
|name3=Picket
|meaning3=-
}}


===''WarioWare Gold''===
===Names in other languages===
In the third difficulty of the [[Yoshi's Island (microgame)|Yoshi's Island]] microgame from ''[[WarioWare Gold]]'', which is based on ''Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island'', two adjacent posts can be used to reach and rescue [[Baby Mario]] from a [[bubble]].
{{foreign names
|Jap=杭<ref>{{cite|author=Sakai, Kazuya (Ambit), kikai, Akinori Sao, Junko Fukuda, Kunio Takayama, and Ko Nakahara (Shogakukan), editors|title=『[[Super Mario Bros. Encyclopedia|スーパーマリオブラザーズ百科: 任天堂公式ガイドブック]]』|language=Japanese|location=Tokyo, Japan|publisher=Shogakukan|date=2015|page=91 and 185}}</ref>
|JapR=Kui
|JapM=Stake <small>(''Super Mario 64'', ''Super Mario 3D Land'')</small>
|Jap2={{ruby|釘|くぎ}}<ref>{{cite|author=----|title=『[[Super Mario Bros. Encyclopedia|スーパーマリオブラザーズ百科: 任天堂公式ガイドブック]]』|language=Japanese|location=Tokyo, Japan|publisher=Shogakukan|date=2015|page=105}}</ref>
|Jap2R=Kugi
|Jap2M=Nail <small>(''Super Mario Sunshine'')</small>
|Jap3=切り株<ref>{{cite|author=----|title=『[[Super Mario Bros. Encyclopedia|スーパーマリオブラザーズ百科: 任天堂公式ガイドブック]]』|language=Japanese|location=Tokyo, Japan|publisher=Shogakukan|date=2015|page=136 and 170}}</ref>
|Jap3R=Kirikabu
|Jap3M=Stump <small>(''Super Mario Galaxy'', ''Super Mario Galaxy 2'')</small>
|Ita=Palo<ref>{{cite|language=Italian|title=''[[Super Mario Bros. Encyclopedia|Super Mario Bros. Enciclopedia]]''|page=91}}</ref>
|Ita2=Ceppo
|ItaM=Pole
|Ita2M=Stump
|Fre=Piquet<ref>----. ''[[Super Mario Bros. Encyclopedia|Super Mario Encyclopedia: les 30 premières années]]'' [French source]. Toulon, Soleil, 2018, pp. 91, 185.</ref>
|FreM=Post <small>(''Super Mario 64'', ''Super Mario 3D Land'')</small>
|Fre2=Clou<ref>----. ''[[Super Mario Bros. Encyclopedia|Super Mario Encyclopedia: les 30 premières années]]'' [French source]. Toulon, Soleil, 2018, p. 105.</ref>
|Fre2M=Nail <small>(''Super Mario Sunshine'')</small>
|Fre3=Souche<ref>----. ''[[Super Mario Bros. Encyclopedia|Super Mario Encyclopedia: les 30 premières années]]'' [French source]. Toulon, Soleil, 2018, pp. 136, 170.</ref>
|Fre3M=Stump <small>(''Super Mario Galaxy'', ''Super Mario Galaxy 2'')</small>
}}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Platforms]]
[[Category:Platforms]]
[[Category:Mario Party]]
[[Category:Mario Party]]
[[Category:Super Mario 3D Land Objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario 3D Land objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario 64 Objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario 64 objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario 64 DS Objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario 64 DS objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario Galaxy Objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario Galaxy objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario Galaxy 2 Objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario Galaxy 2 objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario Sunshine Objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario Sunshine objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island Objects]]
[[Category:Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island objects]]
[[Category:Yoshi's Island DS Objects]]
[[Category:Yoshi's Island DS objects]]
[[Category:Yoshi's Island: Super Mario Advance 3]]
[[Category:Yoshi's Island: Super Mario Advance 3]]
[[Category:Yoshi's New Island Objects]]
[[Category:Yoshi's New Island objects]]
[[Category:Yoshi's Woolly World Objects]]
[[Category:Yoshi's Woolly World objects]]

Latest revision as of 21:09, March 30, 2024

"Nail" redirects here. For information about the swingable rods from Super Mario Galaxy 2, see wire.
Stump
Rendered model of a Stump in Super Mario Galaxy.
Model from Super Mario Galaxy
First appearance Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island (1995)
Latest appearance Super Mario 3D All-Stars (2020)
“I want to stomp a stump!”
Honeybee, Super Mario Galaxy

Stumps are recurring objects in the Super Mario franchise. They can be ground-pounded by any character, and they may or may not result in something happening. They more resemble wooden pegs in Super Mario 64 and its remake, but more closely resemble tree stumps starting in Super Mario Galaxy.

History[edit]

Yoshi's Island series[edit]

Similar objects called posts[1] appear. They are obstacles in Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, its Game Boy Advance version, Yoshi's Island DS, and Yoshi's New Island. They are wooden posts that come up from the ground, and Yoshi must Ground Pound them. In Yoshi's Island DS, Baby Donkey Kong can stomp them straight to the ground in one single ground pound. Coins and Red Coins can occasionally be found in these. They mostly block Yoshi's way and must be ground pounded. In Raphael The Raven's Castle, they are used to attack Raphael the Raven. Posts also appear in Yoshi's New Island and perform the same function. Ground Pound Rebound is one of a few levels to feature them.

Super Mario series[edit]

Super Mario 64 / Super Mario 64 DS[edit]

Mario about to Ground Pound a stake.
Mario ground-pounding a stump

In Super Mario 64 and its remake, stumps (referred to as posts)[2] are seen throughout the Bob-omb Battlefield and the "huge" side of Tiny-Huge Island. In Super Mario 64 DS, they are also found on Whomp's Fortress and Tall, Tall Mountain. Ground-pounding them three times may release coins (in the DS version, they may also release mushrooms). In Super Mario 64 DS, Wario needs to pound a stump only once to drive it all the way into the ground. Stumps play a minor role in the mission Behind Chain Chomp's Gate in the Bob-omb Battlefield, where a Chain Chomp is tied to one; ground-pounding it three times frees the Chain Chomp, who will in turn break the gate that was blocking a Power Star.

If the player runs around an intact stump five consecutive times, five coins will appear from it; this can be done only once per stump.

In Super Mario 64, even if a stump is stomped all the way, the sound effect of pounding a stump will still play if ground-pounded again. This mistake was corrected in Super Mario 64 DS.

Super Mario Sunshine[edit]

Nails in Super Mario Sunshine

Although not stumps, Nails[3] behave near identically to stumps of Super Mario 64 in Super Mario Sunshine. They are found in various secret levels, such as The Hillside Cave Secret. Most give a coin when fully Ground Pounded, while some give a 1-Up Mushroom. However, the player cannot run around an intact nail to receive anything like in Super Mario 64.

Super Mario Galaxy[edit]

Mario standing on a tree stump on the Spiny Planet from the Gusty Garden Galaxy.
A Stump found in Gusty Garden Galaxy

Larger stumps reappear in Super Mario Galaxy in only the Gusty Garden Galaxy and the Gold Leaf Galaxy. When Ground Pounded, they turn red. They also now only need to be Ground Pounded once, as opposed to the three times from Super Mario 64 or Super Mario 64 DS. Ground Pounding on a stump in Super Mario Galaxy produces various results, such as having two Goombas or Flipbugs appear, causing many Star Bits appear, and very rarely, producing a Life Mushroom or a Sling Star. At one point, a stump is used to get a giant worm to move.

Super Mario Galaxy 2[edit]

Stumps found in Puzzle Plank Galaxy

Stumps reappear in Super Mario Galaxy 2 with the same design and function from Super Mario Galaxy. They still turn red when Ground Pounded. They only appear in the Puzzle Plank Galaxy, Cloudy Court Galaxy, and the Freezy Flake Galaxy.

Super Mario 3D Land[edit]

Stumps reappear in Super Mario 3D Land somewhat rarely, but with the same use as before. They can leave coins or power-ups, and no longer turn red after being Ground Pounded. Some stumps are raised higher and need to be Ground Pounded twice, though a pound from Statue Mario will pound them in completely.

Mario Party[edit]

The minigame Ground Pound.
Stumps in Mario Party

In Mario Party, the minigame Ground Pound requires the player to ground-pound desired flat stumps and avoid potentially spiky stumps. Ten coins are rewarded if the player ground-pounds all five flat stumps.

Yoshi's Woolly World / Poochy & Yoshi's Woolly World[edit]

In Yoshi's Woolly World and its Nintendo 3DS version, stumps are based on their appearance in the Yoshi's Island series and function similarly as in the games.

WarioWare Gold[edit]

In the third difficulty of the Yoshi's Island microgame from WarioWare Gold, which is based on Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, two adjacent posts can be used to reach and rescue Baby Mario from a bubble.

Gallery[edit]

Additional names[edit]

Internal names[edit]

Game File Name Meaning

Super Mario Galaxy
Super Mario Galaxy 2
ObjectData/PicketSwitch.arc PicketSwitch Picket Switch
Super Mario Galaxy
Super Mario Galaxy 2
StageData/ObjNameTable.arc/ObjNameTable.tbl
SystemData/ObjNameTable.arc/ObjNameTable.tbl
杭スイッチ (Kui Suicchi) Stake Switch
Super Mario 3D Land romfs/ObjectData/Picket.szs Picket -

Names in other languages[edit]

Language Name Meaning
Japanese [4]
Kui
くぎ[5]
Kugi
切り株[6]
Kirikabu
Stake (Super Mario 64, Super Mario 3D Land)

Nail (Super Mario Sunshine)

Stump (Super Mario Galaxy, Super Mario Galaxy 2)

French Piquet[8]
Clou[9]
Souche[10]
Post (Super Mario 64, Super Mario 3D Land)
Nail (Super Mario Sunshine)
Stump (Super Mario Galaxy, Super Mario Galaxy 2)
Italian Palo[7]
Ceppo
Pole
Stump

References[edit]

  1. ^ Miller, Kent; Munson, Terry (1995). Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island Player's Guide. Nintendo of America (American English). Page 27.
  2. ^ Pelland, Scott; Owsen, Dan (1996). Super Mario 64 Player's Guide. Redmond, WA: Nintendo of America (American English). Page 22 and 23.
  3. ^ Hodgson, David S J; Stratton, Bryan; Stratton, Stephen (2002). Super Mario Sunshine Prima's Official Strategy Guide. Prima Games (American English). ISBN 0761539611. Page 14.
  4. ^ Sakai, Kazuya (Ambit), kikai, Akinori Sao, Junko Fukuda, Kunio Takayama, and Ko Nakahara (Shogakukan), editors (2015). 『スーパーマリオブラザーズ百科: 任天堂公式ガイドブック』. Tokyo, Japan: Shogakukan (Japanese). Page 91 and 185.
  5. ^ ---- (2015). 『スーパーマリオブラザーズ百科: 任天堂公式ガイドブック』. Tokyo, Japan: Shogakukan (Japanese). Page 105.
  6. ^ ---- (2015). 『スーパーマリオブラザーズ百科: 任天堂公式ガイドブック』. Tokyo, Japan: Shogakukan (Japanese). Page 136 and 170.
  7. ^ Super Mario Bros. Enciclopedia. Page 91.
  8. ^ ----. Super Mario Encyclopedia: les 30 premières années [French source]. Toulon, Soleil, 2018, pp. 91, 185.
  9. ^ ----. Super Mario Encyclopedia: les 30 premières années [French source]. Toulon, Soleil, 2018, p. 105.
  10. ^ ----. Super Mario Encyclopedia: les 30 premières années [French source]. Toulon, Soleil, 2018, pp. 136, 170.