Nintendo

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This article is about the Japanese video game company. For other uses, see Nintendo (disambiguation).
Nintendo
Current Nintendo logo (2016-present): On May 11, 2016, several months after when Tatsumi Kimishima took the company helm, Nintendo's logo was changed to white-on-red.
Logo since 2016
Full name Nintendo Co., Ltd.[1]
Founded September 23, 1889[2]
First Super Mario game Donkey Kong (1981)
Latest Super Mario game Yoshi and the Mysterious Book (2026)
Current president Shuntaro Furukawa

Nintendo (full name: Nintendo Co., Ltd.) is a Japanese video game company based in Kyoto. Nintendo is known for creating many successful video game consoles and franchises, including the Super Mario franchise, whose titular character serves as the company's mascot.

History

The company's signature red logo from 1985 to 2008, used internationally outside Japan and East Asia (top), and gray logo from 2006 to 2016 (bottom). The gray logo is still used in corporate pages.
The company's signature red logo from 1985 to 2008, used internationally outside Japan and East Asia (top), and gray logo from 2006 to 2016 (bottom). The gray logo is still used in corporate pages.
The company's signature red logo from 1985 to 2008, used internationally outside Japan and East Asia (top), and gray logo from 2006 to 2016 (bottom). The gray logo is still used in corporate pages.

Nintendo was originally founded by Japanese entrepreneur Fusajirō Yamauchi as a hanafuda playing card manufacturer in Kyoto, Japan, on September 23, 1889.[3] In the following years, the company expanded into selling various types of both hanafuda and western playing cards, with their Daitoryo (or President) deck becoming the most popular cards in the Kyoto region. Fusajirō Yamauchi was succeeded by his son-in-law Sekiryo Kaneda, who inherited the Yamauchi family name and the company.[4] Sekiryo established the company as an unlimited partnership in 1933, under the name Yamauchi Nintendo & Co.[5]

Following a stroke, Sekiryo would be succeeded by his grandson Hiroshi Yamauchi in 1948, who then focused on diversifying the company's ventures.[6] He would rename the company to Nintendo Co. Ltd. in 1963.[3] Under Yamauchi, then-assembly line technician Gunpei Yokoi would design several toys such as the Ultra Hand, Ultra Machine and the Love Tester. Nintendo launched its first home video game machine, the Color TV-Game in 1977, hiring Shigeru Miyamoto as a product designer. In 1978, Nintendo began making arcade video games, licensing titles to other companies for distribution outside Japan. In 1979, Nintendo established a North American division called Nintendo of America, headed by Minoru Arakawa.[5] The first game distributed by the branch would be Radar Scope. The game did not sell well in the United States, and a number of unsold cabinets remained in warehouses. In the meantime, the Game & Watch, a series of simple handheld games, would be launched in 1980.

The original model Family Computer console.
The Family Computer, also known as the Famicom, was launched in 1983.

After the commercial failure of Radar Scope, Arakawa asked Yamauchi if a new game could be developed and inserted into its unsold cabinets.[7] Yamauchi went through Nintendo's entire talent pool to see who could head the designing of a potential Radar Scope replacement, and the result was Miyamoto designing Donkey Kong. When Donkey Kong was released in 1981, it became a bestseller and marked the introduction of Mario. In 1983, Nintendo reworked its games division into the Entertainment Analysis & Development Division (or EAD) and introduced the 8-bit system Family Computer, distributing it abroad as the Nintendo Entertainment System two years later. Its success in Japan and North America resulted in Nintendo becoming a dominant player in the video game industry and the revival of the industry in North America, which had been negatively affected by a crash in 1983. The Famicom and NES sold a combined 61.91 million units.[8] The console popularised the use of the directional pad and start and select buttons, which remain standards to this day, albeit with different names. The most successful game for the NES, Super Mario Bros., further cemented Nintendo's dominance in the industry. The Super Mario franchise has since become Nintendo's flagship franchise and one of the most well-known brands to originate from video games. Super Mario Bros. received its first animated adaptation in 1986, with the Japanese film Super Mario Bros.: Peach-hime Kyūshutsu Dai Sakusen!, which is also one of the first film adaptations based on a video game.

In 1989, Nintendo released Yokoi's latest invention, the Game Boy, the first handheld video game console and successor to the previous line of Game & Watch titles. The console came bundled with Tetris, leading to both it and the game being a worldwide success.[9] In 1990, following up on the success of the Famicom, Nintendo released its 16-bit successor, the Super Famicom, later named Super Nintendo Entertainment System in western markets. It released with Super Mario World and Star Fox as its launch titles, and, over the course of its lifespan, sold 49.1 million units.[10][8] Like its predecessor, the Super Famicom brought in new standards for buttons in video game controllers, introducing both the two shoulder buttons, L and R and the diamond-shaped configuration of A, B, X and Y. In the same year, Nintendo's European divison Nintendo of Europe was created.[3]

Also starting in 1989, Nintendo partnered with French-American animation company DiC Entertainment to produce several animated series, starting with The Super Mario Bros. Super Show! Other series produced by the company include Captain N: The Game Master and The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3. With the rising popularity of Super Mario in the United States, a live-action movie, simply titled Super Mario Bros. was released in 1993. The film was produced by Lightmotive, and starred Bob Hoskins and John Leguizamo as Mario and Luigi, respectively, with Nintendo having little creative control over the product.[11] The movie was a critical and commercial failure, and would be the last adaptation of the series into film for the next three decades.

North American box art of Super Mario 64.
Super Mario 64 is one of the most highly acclaimed video game titles of all time.

Following up from the Game Boy, Yokoi also developed the Virtual Boy, a tabletop video game console released in 1995. It was released with Mario's Tennis in the US. Despite the console's ability to render graphics in stereoscopic 3D, it was criticized for being expensive and awkward to use, and for causing headaches when played. This made the system a critical and commercial failure. In 1996, Nintendo released the Nintendo 64, the first fully 64-bit home console, and the first console to use an analog stick. Its launch title, Super Mario 64, and later The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time are now considered some of the greatest games of all time. They helped introduce players to cameras in three dimensional games, with features such as the Lakitu Bros. camera controls in the former and Z-targetting in the latter.[12] The Nintendo 64 sold a total of 32.93 million units.[8] Nintendo's Game Boy saw an upgrade with the launch of the Game Boy Color in 1998, although its sales are often grouped with the original Game Boy's as a single console.[8]

2001 saw the release of two Nintendo consoles. The Game Boy Advance, a 32-bit successor to the Game Boy, and the Nintendo GameCube, the Nintendo 64's successor, created to be highly versatile, easy to play with and to develop for, and inexpensive.[13] In 2001, Nintendo also opened the Pokémon Center New York store at the Rockefeller Center, later renamed to Nintendo World and finally, its current name of Nintendo New York. It is the first official Nintendo store. The following year saw the retirement of Yamauchi, with Satoru Iwata being appointed president.[14] The GameCube saw modest success compared to its predecessors, selling only 21.74 million units.[8] Within the sixth generation of video game consoles in the industry, it sold less than its competitors, the Xbox (24 million units)[15] and the PlayStation 2 (160 million units).[16] The GameCube's disappointing performance led Iwata and Miyamoto to reevaluate their development strategy for their next consoles.[13]

This resulted in a paradigm shift for Nintendo, which Iwata called a "Gaming Population Expansion".[17] By moving away from cutting edge graphics, Nintendo chose to focus on creating new ways to play, using more intuitive interfaces to attract a wider and more casual audience.[18] This paradigm shift was spearheaded by the Nintendo DS, the handheld successor of the Game Boy family which released in 2004. The console's two-screen setup features a touchscreen, which allowed for more intuitive controls, and the possibility to follow two perspectives at once while playing.[19] This was followed up by the Wii, the GameCube's successor, which launched in 2006. The home console's innovative motion controls via the use of the Wiimote were intuitive, and could be enjoyed by novice and experienced players.[17] The strategy proved to be a success, and both consoles grew to become Nintendo's highest selling consoles, with the Nintendo DS and the Wii selling 154 and 101 million units, respectively.[8] Titles such as Brain Age: Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day! and Nintendogs for the Nintendo DS, and Wii Sports and Wii Fit for the Wii exemplify this approach of seeking unconventional games for wider audiences.

In 2011, Nintendo released the Nintendo 3DS, a successor to the Nintendo DS family of systems that was capable of projecting stereoscopic 3D images without the need of 3D glasses. The console's sales were initially poor, leading to Nintendo cutting the console's price a few months after launch and introducing its Nintendo 3DS Ambassador Program as a reward to early buyers.[20] Despite this slow start, the release of bigger titles such as Mario Kart 7 and Pokémon X / Pokémon Y helped strengthen the console's performance, and it ultimately sold 75.94 million units in its lifespan.[8] Following up on the success of the Wii, Nintendo released the Wii U in 2013. The home console featured a secondary screen on a separate GamePad, similar to a Nintendo DS. The Wii U was Nintendo's first console capable of displaying graphics in 720p. However, it underperformed in its launch sales, with Iwata blaming the company's marketing failing to properly sell the console's unique attributes, as well as the lack of new games that set themselves apart from previous Wii games.[21] President Satoru Iwata would pass away from illness in July 2015, leading to Miyamoto and Genyo Takeda lead the company as Representative Directors, until Tatsumi Kimishima became the next president in September of the same year.[22] The Wii U would go on to sell a total of only 13.56 units in its lifetime, the fewest sales of any Nintendo console besides the Virtual Boy.[8] Despite this, it featured critically successful games such as Mario Kart 8, Super Mario Maker and Splatoon. The combination of weaker Nintendo 3DS and Wii U sales led the company into several years of low earnings. Nintendo reportedly experienced operating losses during the 2012, 2013 and 2014 fiscal years, a first since the company began publicly reporting its earnings in 1981.[23][24]

In a 2015 investor briefing, Kimishima outlined Nintendo's intent on continuing with their philosophy of expanding the gaming population. As part of this effort, Nintendo announced a collaboration with Universal Studios to build a theme park. In 2016, Nintendo released Miitomo, a social networking app which used Miis, the first of several ventures into the smartphone app market. This push served as an attempt to bring in more fans to Nintendo IPs, profit from the smart device business, and to create synergy with their console game releases.[25] Other future mobile game releases include Mario Kart Tour and Fire Emblem Heroes.

In 2017, Nintendo consolidated both their home and handheld game console businesses into one device, the Nintendo Switch. It was capable of being played in TV, tabletop and handheld mode, allowing for a variety of playstyles. In TV mode, it could display graphics in a resolution of 1080p HD. The console featured The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild as one of its launch titles, and over its lifetime, saw several titles from the Wii U gain new sequels, such as Super Mario Maker 2 and Splatoon 2 or ports such as Mario Kart 8 Deluxe, all of which saw greater success on the Nintendo Switch than on the Wii U. Over its long lifespan, the Nintendo Switch sold a total of 157.2 million units, making it the most successful Nintendo console, as of September 30, 2026.[8] Kimishima stepped down from the role of director in 2018, serving the shortest tenure of any Nintendo president. In his place, Shuntaro Furukawa was appointed president and currently still serves the role.

Photo to celebrate the grand opening of Super Nintendo World
Super Nintendo World exemplifies Nintendo's goal of expanding their audience.

The collaboration between Nintendo and Universal Studios resulted in the creation of Super Nintendo World, a themed area originally launched inside Universal Studios Japan, in 2021. The area's flagship attraction is Mario Kart: Bowser's Challenge, a technically impressive dark ride which pioneered the use of augmented reality.[26] More Super Nintendo World areas would later open in Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Epic Universe.

Another fruit of Nintendo's effort to expand their consumer base came with the 2023 Illumination animated film The Super Mario Bros. Movie. The adaptation retold the origin story of Mario and Luigi, roughly paralleling Mario Bros. and Super Mario Bros.. Despite mixed reviews, the movie was a commercial success, becoming the second highest-grossing film of 2023, and the highest-grossing video game adaptation of all time.[27][28] It received a sequel in 2026, titled The Super Mario Galaxy Movie, which also received mixed reviews and was considered a commercial success. Currently, Nintendo has also announced a live-action The Legend of Zelda movie, simply titled The Legend of Zelda. It is being produced by Oddball Entertainment and is set to release on April 30, 2027.[29] Nintendo opened the Nintendo Museum in 2024, located in Kyoto, Japan. The museum documents Nintendo's history, from hanafuda up to its modern video game consoles, and is built on the site of their previous hanafuda manufactoring building.

The Nintendo Switch 2, Nintendo's latest and current main video game console was released in 2025. It consists of a direct upgrade of the Nintendo Switch, being larger, featuring more powerful hardware and being capable of outputting 4k resolution when docked. The system was released with Mario Kart World as its launch title. Due to the rising costs of electronic components such as memory, among other costs, the price of the Nintendo Switch 2 was increased beginning on September 1, 2026.[30] As of September 30, 2026, the system has sold a total of 26.35 units and is currently the fastest selling Nintendo console to date.[8][31]

Structure

Nintendo is currently composed of three main internal divisions: The Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development division (or Nintendo EPD), responsible for the development of software and divided into multiple production groups, the Nintendo Technology Development division (or Nintendo TDD), responsible for developing and maintaining hardware such as Nintendo's video game consoles, along with their operating systems, and the Nintendo Business Development division (or Nintendo NBD), responsible for handling businesses that feature Nintendo's IPs, as well as mobile games businesses.[32]

Additionally, Nintendo has several regional divisions around the globe, which handle marketing and sales of games and other products. These consist of Nintendo of America, Nintendo of Europe SE, Nintendo Australia Pty. Limited, Nintendo (Hong Kong) Ltd., Nintendo of Korea Co., Ltd., Nintendo Singapore Pte. Ltd., Nintendo of Taiwan Co., Ltd. and Nintendo (Thailand) Co., Ltd.

Subsidiaries and affiliated companies

In addition to its internal teams and regional divisions, Nintendo owns either wholly or partially several other companies which assist in handling various businesses, such as sales, game development or IP management. The following is a list of subsidiaries and affiliated companies:

Name Role Ownership status
1-UP Studio Inc. Assists with the development of games in the Super Mario series, as well as others such as The Legend of Zelda: Tri Force Heroes and Mario Kart World. Wholly owned since its creation[33]
iQue Localizes and distributes consoles and games for the mainland Chinese market. Wholly owned after acquisition[34]
Mario Club Co., Ltd. Game-testing and debugging Wholly owned since its creation[35]
MONOLITH SOFTWARE INC. Develops the Xeno series, and assists with the development of several other games such as Mario Kart World, The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and Splatoon 3. Wholly owned after acquisition[36]
Next Level Games Develops games in the Mario Strikers and Luigi's Mansion series. Wholly owned after acquisition[37]
Nintendo Cube Co., Ltd. Develops games such as the Mario Party series, Wii Party and Animal Crossing: Pocket Camp. Joint venture:[38]
  • Nintendo (99%)
  • Other shareholders (1%)
Nintendo Pictures Co., Ltd. Creates animations such as Close to you and assists with motion capture, CG animation and cutscene animation in games such as The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and Super Mario Bros. Wonder. Wholly owned after acquisition[39]
Nintendo Sales Co., Ltd. Handles product distribution in Japan, including consoles, games, amiibo and other merchandise. Joint venture:[40]
  • Nintendo (70%)
  • J Holdings Co., LTD (15%)
  • AJIOKA (15%)
Nintendo Stars Inc. Provide support for advertising, merchandise and licensing regarding Nintendo IPs in business tied to films such as The Super Mario Galaxy Movie. Wholly owned after acquisition[41]
Nintendo Systems Co., Ltd. Maintains several systems, including the Nintendo eShop, Nintendo Store, Nintendo Switch Parental Controls, Nintendo Music, Nintendo Account and the Game News applet on Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch 2. Joint venture:[42]
  • Nintendo (80%)
  • DeNA (20%)
The Pokémon Company Handles the licensing and marketing for the Pokémon franchise. Joint venture:[34]
Retro Studios Develops games in the Donkey Kong Country series post-Rare, as well as in the Metroid Prime series. Wholly owned after acquisition[43]
SRD Co., Ltd. Assists with the development of almost every game in the Super Mario series, including the original Super Mario Bros., as well as games for several other Nintendo series. Wholly owned after acquisition[44]

Products

Home consoles

A collage of Nintendo consoles
A variety of Nintendo systems

Attachments and remodels

These consoles may have different names in different markets. The NES is known as the Family Computer (or Famicom) in Japan; the Super NES, subsequently as the Super Famicom. In 2003, a plug-in gamepad device called the iQue Player was released exclusively in China, and in simple terms, it is considered a variant of the Nintendo 64.

Handheld consoles

Remodels

Between 2004 and 2018, Nintendo authorized the release of some of its portable consoles in the mainland Chinese market under the "iQue" brand. For example, the Nintendo DS and the Nintendo 3DS XL are referred to as the iQue DS and the iQue 3DS XL, respectively, in China.

Hybrid consoles

Remodel

Supported regions

Nintendo's commercial zones, divided by colors (languages) and borders (regions), and according to Nintendo's region selector (https://www.nintendo.com/regionselector/)
Regions with official Nintendo websites or eShops

First-party distribution

As a multinational company, Nintendo has established various regional divisions dedicated to marketing and sales of its products outside Japan, including Super Mario games, merchandise, and licensing, located in different gaming markets around the world, and all of them are wholly owned. Two major subsidiaries, Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe, have the authority to publish games autonomously. As of November 2025, these divisions include:

  • Flag of Japan, used officially since August 13, 1999 and in a de facto capacity since February 27, 1868. For Japanese release dates. Nintendo Co., Ltd. (NCL)
    • Flag of Japan, used officially since August 13, 1999 and in a de facto capacity since February 27, 1868. For Japanese release dates. Japan
  • The flag of the United States of America since July 4, 1960. For American release dates. Nintendo of America, Inc. (NOA)
    • The flag of Canada since February 15, 1965. For Canadian release dates. Nintendo of Canada, Ltd.
      • The flag of Canada since February 15, 1965. For Canadian release dates. Canada
    • The flag of the United States of America since July 4, 1960. For American release dates. United States (including territories, although distribution varies depending on the territory)
      • Flag of American Samoa since April 17, 1960. For American Samoan release dates. American Samoa[A]
      • Flag of Guam since February 9, 1948. For Guamanian release dates. Guam[A]
      • Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands since July 1, 1985. For Northern Mariana Islander release dates. Northern Mariana Islands[A]
      • Flag of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico since August 3, 1995. For Puerto Rican release dates. Puerto Rico[B]
      • Flag of the United States Virgin Islands since May 17, 1921. For United States Virgin Islander release dates. United States Virgin Islands[C]
  • Flag of the Commonwealth of Australia since December 8, 1908. For Australian release dates. Nintendo Australia Pty. Limited (NAL)
    • Flag of the Commonwealth of Australia since December 8, 1908. For Australian release dates. Australia
    • Flag of New Zealand since March 24, 1902. For New Zealander release dates. New Zealand
  • Flag of the Federal Republic of Germany since 1949. For West German and reunified German release dates. Nintendo of Europe SE (NOE)
    • Flag of the Principality of Andorra since 1993. For Andorran release dates within this time frame. Andorra[45]
    • Flag of the Republic of Austria since May 1, 1945. For Austrian release dates. Austria
    • Civil ensign of the Kingdom of Belgium since January 23, 1831. For Belgian release dates. Belgium
    • Flag of the Republic of Bulgaria since November 27, 1990. For Bulgarian release dates. Bulgaria[D]
    • Flag of the Republic of Croatia since December 21, 1990. For Croatian release dates. Croatia[D]
    • Flag of the Republic of Cyprus since April 24, 2006. For Cypriot release dates. Cyprus[D]
    • Flag of Czechoslovakia from March 30, 1920 to December 31, 1992 and of the Czech Republic since the latter date. For Czech release dates. Czech Republic[D]
    • Flag of the Kingdom of Denmark since 1625. For Danish release dates. Denmark[D]
    • Flag of the Republic of Estonia since August 7, 1990. For Estonian release dates within this time frame. Estonia[D]
    • Flag of the Republic of Finland since May 28, 1918. For Finnish release dates. Finland[D]
    • Flag of France. For French release dates. France
    • Flag of the Federal Republic of Germany since 1949. For West German and reunified German release dates. Germany
    • Flag of the Hellenic Republic since December 22, 1978. For Greek release dates. Greece[D]
    • Flag of the Hungarian People's Republic from May 23, 1957 to October 23, 1989 and of Hungary since the latter date. For Hungarian release dates. Hungary[D]
    • Flag of the Republic of Ireland. For Irish release dates. Not to be confused with the flag of Northern Ireland. For Irish release dates. Ireland (Republic of Ireland)
    • Flag of the Italian Republic since June 18, 1946. For Italian release dates. Italy
    • Flag of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic from February 27, 1990 to May 4, 1990 and of the Republic of Latvia since the latter date. For Latvian release dates within this time frame. Latvia[D]
    • Flag of the Principality of Liechtenstein since June 30, 1982. For Liechtensteiner release dates within this time frame. Liechtenstein[45]
    • Flag of the Republic of Lithuania since July 8, 2004. For Lithuanian release dates. Lithuania[D]
    • Flag of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg since 1993. For Luxembourgish release dates. Luxembourg
    • Flag of the Republic of Malta since September 21, 1964. For Maltese release dates. Malta
    • Flag of the Principality of Monaco since April 4, 1881. For Monégasque release dates. Monaco[45]
    • Flag of the Netherlands. For Dutch release dates. Netherlands
    • Flag of the Polish People's Republic from January 31, 1980 to December 31, 1989 and of the Republic of Poland since the latter date. For Polish release dates. Poland[D]
    • Flag of the Portuguese Republic since June 30, 1911. For Portuguese release dates. Portugal
    • Flag of Romania (not to be confused with the flag of Chad) since December 27, 1989. For Romanian release dates. Romania[D]
    • Flag of the Republic of San Marino since July 22, 2011. For Sammarinese release dates. San Marino[45]
    • Flag of the Slovak Republic since September 3, 1992. For Slovak release dates. Slovakia[D]
    • Flag of the Republic of Slovenia since June 25, 1991. For Slovenian release dates. Slovenia[D]
    • Flag of the Kingdom of Spain since October 5, 1981. For Spanish release dates. Spain
    • Flag of the Kingdom of Sweden since June 22, 1906. For Swedish release dates. Sweden[D]
    • Flag of the Swiss Confederation. For Swiss release dates. Switzerland
    • Flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from January 1, 1801 to December 6, 1922 and of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland since the latter date; 3-5 ratio version seen here. For British release dates, including those after the United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union on January 31, 2020. United Kingdom (including Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies in Europe[45])
      • Crown Dependencies:
        • Flag of the British Crown Dependency of the Bailiwick of Guernsey since April 30, 1985. For Guernsey release dates. Guernsey
        • Flag of the British Crown Dependency of the Isle of Man since December 1, 1932. For Manx release dates. Isle of Man
        • Flag of the British Crown Dependency of the Bailiwick of Jersey since April 7, 1981. For Jersey release dates. Jersey
      • Overseas Terrritories:
        • Flag of the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar since November 8, 1982. For Gibraltarian release dates. Gibraltar
    • Flag of the Vatican City State since June 7, 2023. For Vatican release dates. Vatican City State[45]
  • Flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since July 1, 1997, for Hongkonger {{flag list}} dates within this timeframe. Nintendo (Hong Kong) Ltd. (NHL)
    • Flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since July 1, 1997, for Hongkonger {{flag list}} dates within this timeframe. Hong Kong
    • Flag of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since December 20, 1999. For Macau release dates. Macau
  • Flag of the Republic of Korea since May 30, 2011. For South Korean release dates. Nintendo of Korea Co., Ltd. (NOK)
    • Flag of the Republic of Korea since May 30, 2011. For South Korean release dates. South Korea
  • Flag of the Republic of Singapore. For Singaporean release dates. Nintendo Singapore Pte. Ltd.[46]
    • Flag of the Republic of Indonesia since August 17, 1945. For Indonesian release dates. Indonesia
    • Flag of the Republic of Singapore. For Singaporean release dates. Singapore
  • Flag of the Republic of China since 1928, used as the flag of Taiwan since 1949. For Taiwanese release dates. Nintendo of Taiwan Co., Ltd.[47]
    • Flag of the Republic of China since 1928, used as the flag of Taiwan since 1949. For Taiwanese release dates. Taiwan (Republic of China)
  • Flag of the Kingdom of Thailand since September 30, 2017. For Thai release dates. Nintendo (Thailand) Co., Ltd.[48]
    • Flag of the Kingdom of Thailand since September 30, 2017. For Thai release dates. Thailand

Third-party distribution

In addition to the above subsidiaries, over the years Nintendo has officially assigned various third-party distribution companies to represent it and its products (including Super Mario products) in certain markets. These partners may have the authority to handle marketing and sales, but they may vary and are overviewed by one of the three major divisions (NCL, NOA, NOE). Services provided may also vary depending on market or distributor. As of November 2025, the following partners include:

  • Flag of Japan, used officially since August 13, 1999 and in a de facto capacity since February 27, 1868. For Japanese release dates. Active Bokei K.K.[49]
    • Flag of the Kingdom of Bahrain since February 14, 2002. For Bahraini release dates. Bahrain
    • Flag of the Republic of Indonesia since August 17, 1945. For Indonesian release dates. Indonesia
    • Flag of the State of Kuwait since September 7, 1961. For Kuwaiti release dates. Kuwait
    • Flag of Malaysia since September 16, 1963. For Malaysian release dates. Malaysia
    • Flag of the Sultanate of Oman since April 25, 1995. For Omani release dates. Oman
    • Flag of the Republic of the Philippines since February 12, 1998. For Filipino release dates. Philippines
    • Flag of the State of Qatar since July 9, 1971. For Qatari release dates. Qatar
    • Flag of the Republic of Singapore. For Singaporean release dates. Singapore
    • Flag of the Kingdom of Thailand since September 30, 2017. For Thai release dates. Thailand
    • Flag of the United Arab Emirates since December 2, 1971. For Emirati release dates. United Arab Emirates
  • Flag of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For Saudi release dates. Advanced Initiative Company Trading[50][51]
    • Flag of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For Saudi release dates. Saudi Arabia
  • Flag of the Kingdom of Sweden since June 22, 1906. For Swedish release dates. Bergsala AB[51][52][53]
    • Flag of the Kingdom of Denmark since 1625. For Danish release dates. Denmark
    • Flag of the Republic of Estonia since August 7, 1990. For Estonian release dates within this time frame. Estonia
    • Flag of the Republic of Finland since May 28, 1918. For Finnish release dates. Finland
    • Flag of Iceland since June 17, 1944; for Icelandic release dates. Iceland
    • Flag of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic from February 27, 1990 to May 4, 1990 and of the Republic of Latvia since the latter date. For Latvian release dates within this time frame. Latvia
    • Flag of the Republic of Lithuania since July 8, 2004. For Lithuanian release dates. Lithuania
    • Flag of the Kingdom of Norway since July 13, 1821. For Norwegian release dates. Norway
    • Flag of the Kingdom of Sweden since June 22, 1906. For Swedish release dates. Sweden
  • Flag of the Hellenic Republic since December 22, 1978. For Greek release dates. CD Media S.E.[51][54][55]
    • Flag of the Republic of Albania since July 22, 2002. For Albanian release dates. Albania
    • Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina since February 4, 1998. For Bosnian/Herzegovinian release dates. Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Flag of the Republic of Bulgaria since November 27, 1990. For Bulgarian release dates. Bulgaria
    • Flag of the Republic of Croatia since December 21, 1990. For Croatian release dates. Croatia
    • Flag of the Republic of Cyprus since April 24, 2006. For Cypriot release dates. Cyprus
    • Flag of the Hellenic Republic since December 22, 1978. For Greek release dates. Greece
    • Flag of Montenegro since June 3, 2006. For Montenegrin release dates within this time frame. Montenegro
    • Flag of the Republic of North Macedonia since October 5, 1995. For North Macedonian release dates. North Macedonia
    • Flag of Romania (not to be confused with the flag of Chad) since December 27, 1989. For Romanian release dates. Romania
    • Flag of the Republic of Serbia since 2004. For Serbian release dates since the nation achieved independence on June 5, 2006. Serbia
    • Flag of the Republic of Slovenia since June 25, 1991. For Slovenian release dates. Slovenia
    • Flag of the Republic of Türkiye since May 29, 1936. For Turkish release dates. Turkey
  • Flag of Czechoslovakia from March 30, 1920 to December 31, 1992 and of the Czech Republic since the latter date. For Czech release dates. ConQuest Entertainment A.S.[51]
    • Flag of Czechoslovakia from March 30, 1920 to December 31, 1992 and of the Czech Republic since the latter date. For Czech release dates. Czech Republic
    • Flag of the Polish People's Republic from January 31, 1980 to December 31, 1989 and of the Republic of Poland since the latter date. For Polish release dates. Poland
    • Flag of the Slovak Republic since September 3, 1992. For Slovak release dates. Slovakia
  • Flag of the Republic of South Africa since April 27, 1994. For South African release dates within this time frame. Core Computer Business (PTY) LTD[51][56]
    • Flag of the People's Republic of Angola from November 11, 1975 to August 25, 1992 and of the Republic of Angola since the latter date; for Angolan release dates. Angola
    • Flag of the Republic of Botswana since September 30, 1966. For Batswana release dates. Botswana
    • Flag of the Kingdom of Lesotho since October 4, 2004. For Basotho release dates. Lesotho
    • Flag of the Republic of Malawi from July 6, 1964 to July 28, 2010 and since May 28, 2012; for Malawian release dates within this time frame. Malawi
    • Flag of the People's Republic of Mozambique from May 1, 1983 to November 30, 1990 and of the Republic of Mozambique since the latter date; for Mozambican release dates. Mozambique
    • Flag of the Republic of Namibia since March 21, 1990. For Namibian release dates. Namibia
    • Flag of the Federal Republic of Nigeria since October 1, 1960. For Nigerian release dates. Nigeria
    • Flag of the Republic of South Africa since April 27, 1994. For South African release dates within this time frame. South Africa
    • Flag of the Republic of Zambia since October 24, 1964. For Zambian release dates. Zambia
    • Flag of the Republic of Zimbabwe since April 18, 1980. For Zimbabwean release dates. Zimbabwe
  • Flag of the Hungarian People's Republic from May 23, 1957 to October 23, 1989 and of Hungary since the latter date. For Hungarian release dates. Game Park[51]
    • Flag of the Hungarian People's Republic from May 23, 1957 to October 23, 1989 and of Hungary since the latter date. For Hungarian release dates. Hungary
  • Flag of the Republic of Austria since May 1, 1945. For Austrian release dates. ERC[57][58][59]
    • Flag of the Republic of Kazakhstan since June 4, 1992. For Kazakh release dates within this time frame. Kazakhstan
    • Flag of Ukraine since January 28, 1992. For Ukrainian release dates within this time frame. Ukraine
    • Flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan since November 18, 1991; for Uzbek release dates within this time frame. Uzbekistan
  • The flag of the United States of America since July 4, 1960. For American release dates. Ingram Micro[60][61]
    • Flag of the Federative Republic of Brazil since May 11, 1992. For Brazilian release dates. Brazil
  • Flag of the United Arab Emirates since December 2, 1971. For Emirati release dates. Jeetek[62]
    • Flag of the United Arab Emirates since December 2, 1971. For Emirati release dates. United Arab Emirates
  • Flag of the Republic of Panama since March 25, 1925. For Panamanian release dates. JVLAT[63]
    • Flag of the Republic of Chile since October 18, 1817. For Chilean release dates. Chile
    • Flag of the Republic of Colombia since November 26, 1861. For Colombian release dates. Colombia
    • Flag of the Republic of Costa Rica since September 29, 1848. For Costa Rican release dates. Costa Rica
    • Flag of the Republic of Guatemala since August 17, 1871. For Guatemalan release dates. Guatemala
    • Flag of the United Mexican States since 1975, for Mexican {{flag list}} dates. Mexico
    • Flag of the Republic of Panama since March 25, 1925. For Panamanian release dates. Panama
    • Flag of the Republic of Peru since March 31, 1950. For Peruvian release dates. Peru
  • Flag of the Federative Republic of Brazil since May 11, 1992. For Brazilian release dates. Rcell[61]
    • Flag of the Federative Republic of Brazil since May 11, 1992. For Brazilian release dates. Brazil
  • The flag of Canada since February 15, 1965. For Canadian release dates. Solutions 2 GO[64][65]
    • Flag of Argentina. For Argentinian release dates. Argentina
    • Flag of the Federative Republic of Brazil since May 11, 1992. For Brazilian release dates. Brazil
  • Flag of the Kingdom of Thailand since September 30, 2017. For Thai release dates. Synnex[66]
    • Flag of the Kingdom of Thailand since September 30, 2017. For Thai release dates. Thailand
  • Flag of the People's Republic of China since October 1, 1949. For Mainland Chinese release dates. Tencent[67]
    • Flag of the People's Republic of China since October 1, 1949. For Mainland Chinese release dates. China (People's Republic of China)
  • Flag of the State of Israel since October 28, 1948. For Israeli release dates. TorGaming, Ltd.[51][68]
    • Flag of the State of Israel since October 28, 1948. For Israeli release dates. Israel

Formerly supported regions

The following regions are ones where Nintendo previously offered official distribution for its products, including Super Mario material, only to cease activity for various reasons:

  • Flag of the Republic of Belarus since February 10, 2012; for Belarusian release date. Belarus (initially via Steepler[69] and later through Belconsole, MyDevice, and Gameclub;[70][71] suspended in 2022 due to sanctions against the country[72])
  • Flag of Czechoslovakia from March 30, 1920 to December 31, 1992 and of the Czech Republic since the latter date. For Czech release dates. Czechoslovakia (via Stadlbauer;[73] defunct due to the country's dissolution in 1992; distribution continued in the successor states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, initially through Stadlbauer and MPM[73][74] and later through ConQuest Entertainment A.S.)
  • Flag of the Republic of India since July 22, 1947. For Indian release dates. India (initially via Samurai Electronics[75] and later through Sunder Electronics[76])
  • Flag of the Russian Federation since December 11, 1993 (also the national flag of Russia from 1896 to 1922). For Russian release dates within this time frame. Russia (initially via Steepler[69][77][78] and later through Yandex.Money;[79] suspended in 2023 due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine[80])
  • Flag of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from April 27, 1992 to February 4, 2003 and of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro from the latter date until June 3, 2006. For Yugoslav, Serbian, and Montenegrin release dates within this timeframe. Yugoslavia (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)[73] (via Beosoft;[74] distribution later resumed in the successor states of Serbia and Montenegro through CD Media S.E.[51][55])

Appearances in the Super Mario universe

The Nintendo logo appearing on Diddy Kong's cap and on the walls at Nintendo GameCube in Mario Kart: Double Dash!!
The Nintendo logo appearing on Diddy Kong's cap and on the walls at Nintendo GameCube in Mario Kart: Double Dash!!
The Nintendo logo appearing on Diddy Kong's cap and on the walls at Nintendo GameCube in Mario Kart: Double Dash!!

Gallery

  • The blue Nintendo logo variant, used in Japanese versions of Nintendo games
    The blue Nintendo logo variant, used in Japanese versions of Nintendo games
  • Mario alongside with the Nintendo logo
    Mario alongside with the Nintendo logo
  • The gold Nintendo logo from the start-up of Mario Kart 64
    The gold Nintendo logo from the start-up of Mario Kart 64
  • The gold Nintendo logo from the start-up of Mario Kart 64
    The gold Nintendo logo from the start-up of Mario Kart 64
  • The white Nintendo logo on a black background used in the first three Mario Party titles
    The white Nintendo logo on a black background used in the first three Mario Party titles
  • The Nintendo logo as seen in Diddy Kong Racing DS
    The Nintendo logo as seen in Diddy Kong Racing DS
  • The Nintendo logo recreated in the Super Mario Bros. game style in Super Mario Maker
    The Nintendo logo recreated in the Super Mario Bros. game style in Super Mario Maker
  • Nintendo splash screen in Mario Kart Tour
    Nintendo splash screen in Mario Kart Tour
  • Nintendo + Illumination logos used in the TV spots for The Super Mario Bros. Movie and The Super Mario Galaxy Movie
    Nintendo + Illumination logos used in the TV spots for The Super Mario Bros. Movie and The Super Mario Galaxy Movie
  • Nintendo opening logo in The Super Mario Bros. Movie
    Nintendo opening logo in The Super Mario Bros. Movie
  • Nintendo opening logo in The Super Mario Galaxy Movie
    Nintendo opening logo in The Super Mario Galaxy Movie
  • Artwork of Nintendo's Kyoto headquarters from its recruitment book, showing a Warp Pipe at the bottom left corner
    Artwork of Nintendo's Kyoto headquarters from its recruitment book, showing a Warp Pipe at the bottom left corner

Naming

The name Nintendo comes from the Japanese saying「運うんを天てんに任まかせる」(un o ten ni makaseru), meaning "to leave one's luck to heaven". Consequently, Nintendo officially translates its name as "Leave Luck to Heaven". However, the historical validity of this is disputed, as the kanji for "Nintendo" can be translated in multiple other ways (e.g., "Temple of Free Hanafuda", referencing the company's origins as a playing card company); late president Hiroshi Yamauchi admitted in The History of Nintendo that he did not actually know what "Nintendo" meant, stating that the official translation was accepted by the company only because it sounded like "a plausible explanation".[81]

Names in other languages

LanguageNameMeaningNote(s)Ref.
Japanese任天堂にんてんどう
Nintendō		The formal name of the company. Each of the kanji that make up its formal name means the following:
*「任にん」(nin) means "responsibility", "work", or "obligation".
*「天てん」(ten) means "sky".
*「堂どう」(dō) means "stately", "bless", or "sanctuary".
**「天堂てんどう」 (tendō) means "heaven".		[82]
ニンテンドー
Nintendō		Rough katakana formUsed for the Japanese names of several systems and services such as Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo DS, Nintendo eShop, or Nintendo Sound Clock: Alarmo[83]
ニンテンドウ
Nintendō		Rough katakana form, retaining the kana「ウ」(u) instead of replacing it with the chōonpu「ー」.Used in the Japanese names of the Nintendo Power service, the Nintendo 64, and Super Smash Bros.[84]
Arabicنينتندو
Nintendo		Nintendo[85]
Chinese任天堂
Rèntiāntáng (Mandarin)
Yahmtīntòhng (Cantonese)		Borrowed from Japanese name with native pronunciations[86]
DutchNintendo-[87]
GreekNintendo-[88]
Hebrewנינטנדו
Nintendo		Nintendo[68]
Korean닌텐도
Nintendo		NintendoThe kanji 「任天堂」 for the company translates to 임천당, "imcheondang", which means "heaven is present" or "duty for/to heaven", where 천당 ("cheondang") refers to "heaven" and 임 "im" can mean either "present" or "duty".[89]
RussianNintendo-[90]
SpanishNintendo-[91][92]

See also

Footnotes and references

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c Has no dedicated account region option or Nintendo eShop, is part of the United States account region and Nintendo eShop; My Nintendo Store orders will also ship to this location
  2. ^ Has no dedicated account region option or Nintendo eShop, is part of the United States account region and Nintendo eShop; Nintendo products are also distributed and sold across retailers here, especially My Nintendo Store orders being shipped to this location
  3. ^ Has a dedicated account region option but no Nintendo eShop, its Nintendo eShop is instead part of the United States account region; My Nintendo Store orders will also ship to this location
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Only through the My Nintendo Store from other EU countries

References

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External links

Nintendo coverage on other NIWA wikis:
The English Wikipedia logo, for use on the Wikipedia template. Wikipedia has an article on Nintendo.
[Edit]
Companies
Game companies Divisions and subsidiaries of Nintendo 1-UP Studio • iQue • Mario Club Co., Ltd. • Monolith Soft • Next Level Games • Nintendo • Nintendo Cube • †Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development • Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development • †Nintendo Research & Development 1 • †Nintendo Research & Development 2 • †Nintendo Software Planning & Development • Nintendo Software Technology Corporation • †Nintendo System Development • Retro Studios • SRD • Treehouse
Third parties 4J Studios • Access Games • Acquire • †AlphaDream • Arcana Software Design • Argonaut Games • Arika • Armor Project • ArtePiazza • †Artoon • Arzest • †Atari Corporation • †Atari, Inc. • Atlus • Bandai Namco Entertainment • †Banpresto • Beenox • Blit Interactive • †Boss Game Studios • Brainstorm Entertainment • †Brian A. Rice, Inc. • Brother Industries • Brunswick • †Bullet-Proof Software • C3 Incorporated • Camelot Software Planning • Capcom • CAProduction • Caroline Software Incorporated • Choice Software • Cigam • Climax • Codesmith, Inc. • †Coleco • Cosmodog • Denaris Entertainment Software • Designer Software • Digitainment • Digital Works Entertainment • Dynatech Play2O • EA Canada • Engine Interactive • extra toxic • †Fabtek • †Falcon • Fantasy Factory • FEkids • Firebird • Forever Entertainment • Game Arts • Game Freak • Good-Feel • †Gottlieb • GREZZO Co., Ltd. • GungHo Online Entertainment • HAL College of Technology & Design • HAL Laboratory • HAMSTER Corporation • Hexadrive • †Hudson Soft • Human Engineered Software • Ikegami Tsushinki • Imaginative Systems Software • indieszero • Intelligent Systems • International Technology Development Corporation • Interplay • Iwasaki Engineering • Jupiter • K-Byte • Konami • Lightmaker • Magnum enter Co., Ltd. • Mani • Marvelous Inc. • Maygay • Million Colors • MISA • Mojang Studios • †Monster Games • National Human Electronics • Natsume • Nelsonic • NeoPets • NHN Entertainment • Nichimen Graphics • †NovaLogic • †Ocean Software • Orpheus Software • Other Ocean Interactive • Panic Button • Paon DP • Playtime • PlayWorks Digital Limited • Presage Software • Racjin • Radical Entertainment • Rare • †Renegade Kid • Riedel Software Productions • Roklan • Royal Philips Electronics • S.I.U. • Scientific Toys • Sega • Sentient Software Ltd. • Sharp • †Silverball Studios • †Skip Ltd. • SkyBox Labs • Skyworks Technologies, Inc. • SmileBoom Co., Ltd. • †Softnica • †Software Creations • Sora Ltd. • Sound Racer Ltd. • Spike Chunsoft • Square Enix • †St.GIGA • Sunwise • †SUZAK Inc. • Switch Entertainment Inc. • T's MUSIC Co., Ltd. • Tantalus Media • †The Software Toolworks • TNX • Tokyo Electron • Tomytec • TOSE Software Co. • Treasure • tri-Crescendo • Ubisoft • Vanpool • Velan Studios • Vicarious Visions • VPI.net • WILL Co., Ltd. • Woodside Design Associates • Yuke's • †Yutaka
Other companies Book publishers Archie Comics • †Atlantic Förlags AB • Brady Games • Dark Horse Books • Fleetway Publications • Guinness World Records • Prima Games • Scholastic • Shogakukan • Sports Illustrated Kids • Valiant Comics • Versus Books
Animation studios Celluloid Studios • †DIC Entertainment • Disney • dwarf studios • Hong Guang Animation (Su Zhou) • Illumination • Illumination Studios Paris • †Medialab • Nelvana • †Pacific Rim Productions, Inc. • †Sei Young Animation Co., Ltd. • Sony Pictures
Recording studios Audio Visual • Bad Animals • BKS • Cristal Media • Cup of Tea Productions • Double Vue (N.B.) Inc. • Estudios Teruel • Eurotroll Finland • Finikin, s.r.o. • HALF H･P Studio • Interopa Film • Iyuno Norway • Noisycroak • Novaga • Sigma • Sono-Mex • Sound & Vision India • Start International Polska • Studio 306 • Studio P.V. • Wim Pel Productions
Home video distributors †Abbey Home Entertainment • Access Video • Beyond Home Entertainment • Bim Bum Bam Video • Blitz Baby • Budapest Film • Buena Vista Home Video • C.N.E. Mono • Corus Entertainment • Cosmos DVD Video • DEIA • Disky Communications • Egmont Film • eOne • Eurosan - D.A.V. Mono • Fine Production • Finnkino Oy • Flashback Entertainment • Fremantle Home Entertainment • FremantleMedia Enterprises • Future Film • Globo Video • GM Corporation • GoodView Home Video • Hermans Instore Marketing B.V. • HVN • IDP Home Video • Irish Lydbånd A/S • †Kaboom! Entertainment • †Kids Klassics • La verdad • Lionsgate Home Entertainment • Los Pinos Cine Video • Lusomundo • Magna Pacific • Malofilm Video • Manga Distribution • Maximum Entertainment • Media Discount Group • Mercury Entertainment • Modern Times • Moefie Klub! • MRA Entertainment • NCircle Entertainment • Nippon Columbia • Octagon Invest Ab • Olivi • On Air Video • Paramount Home Video • Paycom Multimedia • †Phase 4 Films • Photopak • Pibitos • Pickwick Video • Pidax Film • Pocket Money Video • PolyGram Video • Prisvideo • Producciones Panther • †Pyramid AV International Pte Ltd • Roadshow Entertainment • Scanbox Norge AS • SDT Film • Seven 7 • Shout! Factory • Silvio Berlusconi Communications • SMI url • Starmedia Entertainment • †Sterling Entertainment Group • Suevia Films • Target • The Video Collection • Toki Entertainment • Vico Filmek • Victoria Media S.A. • Vídeo Brinquedo • Videomax • Videosonic • Videovisa • †Vivendi Visual Entertainment • UIG Entertainment GmbH • Universal Pictures • Wendros • World Movie Sky Cinema • †Zhenying Communication Co., Ltd.
Collectible / toy makers Ahomaro Games • Amada • Amscan • Apollo • Atlas Editions • Au'some Candies Inc. • Bandai Namco Entertainment • †Banpresto • Bensussen Deutsch & Associates • Bioworld • Blackbird Interactive • BlackMilk Clothing • Borras Plana S.A. • BoxLunch • Build-a-Bear Workshop • Burger King • †BYGGIS • CBD Spiele • Central Hobby • Colorforms • Cromy • CultureFly • Dujardin • Dynatech Play2O • Ensky • Epoch • ERTL • Estrela • Etone • Fangamer • First4Figures • Fleer • Fleetwood Toys • Fruit of the Loom • Furuta • Futabasha • Gap • Gelato Pique • Goldie • Good Stuff • Grosvenor • Hallmark • Hasbro • Interplay • iQue • Jakks Pacific • K'NEX • Kawada • Kellytoy • KidFun • Kids' Choice • Kortekaas Merchandising • Largo Toys Ltd. • LEGO • Levis • Marigó • Maruka • Mattel • MB Games • Media Factory • Medicom • Milton Bradley • Milton Bradley Company • NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan • Newfield Publications • Nintendo • Paladone • Papel Creation • Placo Toys • Play by Play • Playtime • PopCo • PopCo Entertainment • Ralston Purina • Ravensburger • RoseArt • S.H. Figuarts • Sababa Toys • San-ei Co., Ltd. • Sansei • Schmidt Spiele • Scientific Toys • SEGAPrize • Selecta • Servilibro • Simba Toys • SUBARUDO • Sumitomo Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. • Sun Arrow • Sunflower Publishing • Taito • TAKAHASHI • Takara • Tara Toy Corporation • Tenyo • The Paper Magic Group • ThinkFun • Tiger Games • Tomy • Toy Biz • Toy Site • UNIQLO • Universal Pictures • USAopoly • Vans • Visual Echo • Waddingtons • Wendy's • Winning Moves • Zygomatic
Food companies Au'some Candies • Bimbo • Burger King • Feastables • Freiberger • Keebler • †Kellogg's • The Kraft Heinz Company • Krispy Kreme • Lotte Group • Lunchables • McDonald's • Nagatanien • Nestlé • Sonic Drive-In • †Sunshine Biscuits • Suntory • Taco Bell • Wendy's • Yoplait
Cosmetics companies Lush • shu uemura
Miscellaneous 7-Eleven • Aeon • California Milk Processor Board • Deepdub • eBay • EMI Music Publishing • France 2 • KCL Productions • Lexibook • LINE • †MediaBrowser • †MIA Co., Ltd. • Nickelodeon • Pure West • Spotify • Tesla • Twinkl • Unilever • †WIC Entertainment • Yodobashi Camera
† Defunct
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