1-UP Studio (formerly known as Brownie Brown) is a Japanese video game developer and wholly owned subsidiary of Nintendo[1] based in Tokyo, which was founded by a majority of ex-Square Enix staff including graphic designer Shinichi Kameoka that left the company due to creative differences. The company started off primarily developing Japanese role-playing games for handheld systems, but since the early 2010s, they have been involved in the production of some Super Mario series titles.