Ground Theme (New Super Mario Bros.)

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Not to be confused with Ground Theme (New Super Mario Bros. U).
"Ground Theme"
"Ground Theme" in New Super Mario Bros.
The source-quality version from Super Mario History 1985-2010
Thumbnail for the "Ground Theme" from New Super Mario Bros. used for Nintendo Music
Image from Nintendo Music
Composed by:
Koji Kondo[1]
Genre Latin
Key C major
BPM 100
Time signature 2
4
First appearance New Super Mario Bros. (2006)
Latest appearance Mario Kart World (2025)

"Ground Theme",[2] also known as "Ground BGM",[3] "Main Theme",[4] or "Overworld Theme",[5] is a musical theme composed by Koji Kondo for New Super Mario Bros., where it plays in most overworld levels. It is written in duple (2
4
) time, at an andantino tempo of 100 beats per minute, and in the key of C major.

This is the first theme in-game that gives a gameplay effect to the "paah" vocals, which were previously sampled for "Game Start" in Super Mario 64. This would become a recurring game mechanic throughout the New Super Mario Bros. series.

History[edit]

Super Mario series[edit]

New Super Mario Bros.[edit]

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Main article: Athletic Theme (New Super Mario Bros.)

New Super Mario Bros. marks the first appearance of "Ground Theme". It is also included in the official albums Super Mario History 1985-2010 and The 30th Anniversary Super Mario Bros. Music. The game also features four additional arrangements of the theme.

A brief swing arrangement of "Ground Theme" plays during the opening cutscene when Mario (or Luigi) and Princess Peach are walking together. It is titled "Prologue: Out for a Walk" in the Nintendo Music app. This arrangement s played on the vibraphone with acoustic guitar harmony accompaniment. The melody segues into a mysterious augmented chord with stacked major seconds as a thundercloud forms over Peach's Castle.

An uptempo swing arrangement of "Ground Theme" with a different intro plays in the athletic levels. It is titled "Athletic Theme" in the Nintendo Music app. This arrangement features clarinet, muted trumpet, vibraphone, piano, trombone, and acoustic bass. The B section of the arrangement adds a new melody played on a square synthesizer.

An arrangement of "Ground Theme" is incorporated in the theme that plays during the staff credits approximately 2 minutes and 20 seconds in. It is likewise titled "Staff Credits" in the Nintendo Music app. It is played on steel drum in the treble range with a whistled counter-melody, staccato square synthesizer, and the drum kit featured throughout the rest of the piece. This transitions into a fuller version played on electric organ with brass accompaniment, then into "Underground BGM" from Super Mario Bros.

An arrangement of "Ground Theme" is one of the two themes that can play during gameplay in the Mario Vs. Luigi mode. It is titled "Mario Vs. Luigi - Stage BGM 1" in the Nintendo Music app.

Icon of an audio speaker. Athletic Theme - The arrangement heard in New Super Mario Bros.
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New Super Mario Bros. Wii[edit]

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Main article: Staff Credit Roll (New Super Mario Bros. Wii theme)

New Super Mario Bros. Wii features five arrangements of "Ground Theme".

A brief arrangement of "Ground Theme" plays at the end of the opening cutscene when Mario, Luigi, and the Toads are chasing Bowser's airship. The leitmotif is played on synthesized brass, leading to a dominant chord and timpani roll.

A faithful arrangement of "Ground Theme" arranged by Kenta Nagata[6] plays in the ground levels. It is also included in the official album The 30th Anniversary Super Mario Bros. Music. The rhythm of the hook and opening section is changed. The latter replaces the square-wave sixteenth notes with a staccato electric organ that continues in the background throughout the A section. The orchestra hits that accompany the "paah" vocals in the original version are replaced by clapping rhythms. Additional cuíca and shaker is added to the instrumentation whenever the player is riding a Yoshi. Said cuíca originates from an earlier version of "Ground Theme", which had slightly different instrumentation.[7]

A winter/Christmas arrangement of "Ground Theme" plays in the snow levels. It is played on French horn, strings, sleigh bells, and snare drum fills. It also reintroduces the acoustic guitar from the original version of the theme from New Super Mario Bros. Additional cuíca and shaker is added to the instrumentation whenever the player is riding a Yoshi.

The theme that plays during the first phase of the final boss battle against Bowser is based on the first two measures of "Ground Theme". This theme is reused in New Super Mario Bros. 2 for the same purpose.

The theme that plays during the staff credits incorporates brief arrangements of "Ground Theme". It was composed by Ryo Nagamatsu.[6]

Icon of an audio speaker. Opening - The arrangement heard in New Super Mario Bros. Wii
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Icon of an audio speaker. Ground Theme - The arrangement heard in New Super Mario Bros. Wii
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Icon of an audio speaker. Snow Theme - The arrangement heard in New Super Mario Bros. Wii
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Icon of an audio speaker. Bowser Battle - The arrangement heard in New Super Mario Bros. Wii
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Icon of an audio speaker. Staff Credit Roll - The arrangement heard in New Super Mario Bros. Wii
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New Super Mario Bros. 2[edit]

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In New Super Mario Bros. 2, arrangements of "Ground Theme" and "Snow Theme" from New Super Mario Bros. Wii arranged by Kenta Nagata play in the ground and snow levels respectively. Both arrangements double the melody with a capella vocals. The former theme is also included in the official album The 30th Anniversary Super Mario Bros. Music. For both themes, a woodblock beat is added to the instrumentation whenever Mario or Luigi are in their Raccoon/Fox forms, and a bell synth arpeggiator is added to the instrumentation whenever the Gold Ring is active.

An arrangement of "Ground Theme" based on the New Super Mario Bros. Wii arrangement plays in the starting zones of Warp Cannon and Rainbow Courses located in World Mushroom, World Flower, and World Star.

Icon of an audio speaker. Ground Theme - The arrangement heard in New Super Mario Bros. 2
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Super Smash Bros. series[edit]

Super Smash Bros. Brawl[edit]

In Super Smash Bros. Brawl, a tropical-styled arrangement of "Ground Theme" arranged by Shogo Sakai can play in the Delfino Plaza stage. This theme also incorporates an arrangement of "Course Clear" from New Super Mario Bros. at the end. This arrangement has a bossa nova-type beat with acoustic guitar, steel drums, and saxophone.

Icon of an audio speaker. Main Theme (New Super Mario Bros.) - The arrangement heard in Super Smash Bros. Brawl
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Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS[edit]

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In Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS, a medley arrangement of "Athletic Theme" and "Ground Theme" from New Super Mario Bros. 2 arranged by Yusuke Takahama can play in the Golden Plains and Super Mario Maker stages. It titled "Athletic Theme / Ground Theme (New Super Mario Bros. 2)" in the game's sound test. It is also included in the official album Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS / Wii U: A Smashing Soundtrack.

Super Smash Bros. for Wii U[edit]

In Super Smash Bros. for Wii U, the Super Smash Bros. Brawl arrangement of "Ground Theme" can play in the Delfino Plaza stage, the New Super Mario Bros. 2 arrangement of "Ground Theme" and "Athletic Theme / Ground Theme" from Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS can play in the Mushroom Kingdom U stage, and all three themes can play in the Super Mario Maker stage. The New Super Mario Bros. 2 arrangement is titled "Ground Theme (New Super Mario Bros. 2)" in the game's sound test.

Super Smash Bros. Ultimate[edit]

In Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, the Super Smash Bros. Brawl and New Super Mario Bros. 2 arrangements of "Ground Theme" and "Athletic Theme / Ground Theme" from Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS can play in any Super Smash Bros.-series and Super Mario-series stage. They are titled "Main Theme - New Super Mario Bros.", "Ground Theme - New Super Mario Bros. 2", and "Athletic Theme - New Super Mario Bros. 2" respectively in the game's sound test.

New Super Mario Bros. Wii Coin World[edit]

This section needs Super Mario franchise improvement. Specifically:

  • Specify when and/or where the first theme plays in the game.

New Super Mario Bros. Wii Coin World features a more relaxed arrangement of "Ground Theme" based on the New Super Mario Bros. Wii arrangement. The main melody is doubled on accordion and piano, and the melody of the section before the loop is played on trumpet. In addition to new instrumentation, this arrangement uses a different "paah" sample than New Super Mario Bros. Wii.

While it does not include the actual melody, the theme that plays during the game's ending features the same basic chord progression as "Ground Theme".

Icon of an audio speaker. Ground Theme - The arrangement heard in New Super Mario Bros. Wii Coin World
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Icon of an audio speaker. Ending - The arrangement heard in New Super Mario Bros. Wii Coin World
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Mario & Sonic series[edit]

Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games[edit]

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In the Wii version of Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games, an arrangement of "Ground Theme" can be chosen as the background music for events. It is titled "Main Theme: New Super Mario Bros. Wii" in the game's sound test.

Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games[edit]

In Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games, the arrangement of "Ground Theme" from Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games can once again be chosen as the background music for events. It is titled "Main Theme: New Super Mario Bros. Wii (Remix)" in the game's sound test.

Mario & Sonic at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games[edit]

This section needs Mario & Sonic improvement. Specifically:

  • Add sound test information.
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In the Wii U version of Mario & Sonic at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, the arrangement of "Ground Theme" from Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games and a new arrangement of "Ground Theme" can be chosen as the background music for events. The new arrangement directly samples the "paah" vocals from the New Super Mario Bros. Wii arrangement.

Mario Party series[edit]

Mario Party 10[edit]

In Mario Party 10, a brief orchestral arrangement of "Ground Theme" set in the key of D major is one of three themes that can play in the minigame Steal the Beat, the other two being brief arrangements of "Ground BGM" from Super Mario Bros. and "Ground BGM" from Super Mario World. It is titled "Contemporary Theme" in the game's sound test.

Icon of an audio speaker. Contemporary Theme - The arrangement heard in Mario Party 10
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Mario Party: Star Rush[edit]

In Mario Party: Star Rush, the original version of "Ground Theme" is a playable song in Rhythm Recital. It is titled "Overworld Theme".

Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition[edit]

In Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition, the New Super Mario Bros. Wii arrangement of "Ground Theme" plays in the ground levels.

Mario Strikers: Battle League[edit]

In Mario Strikers: Battle League, a hard rock arrangement of "Ground Theme" in the key of B major is one of the two themes that can play when both halves of the field are using the Mushroom Hill theme.

Icon of an audio speaker. Ground Theme - The arrangement heard in Mario Strikers: Battle League
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Mario Kart World[edit]

In Mario Kart World, a samba funk arrangement of "Ground Theme" can play in Free Roam and on any VS Race route during the day. It is titled "Ground BGM" in the game’s pause menu. Despite being based on the original version of the theme from New Super Mario Bros. (as evidenced by the intro melody) and the source game being listed as such in the game's pause menu, the default order that can play in Free Roam groups it with the arrangements of themes from New Super Mario Bros. Wii.

Icon of an audio speaker. Ground BGM - The arrangement heard in Mario Kart World
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Other appearances[edit]

E3 2009[edit]

An arrangement of "Ground Theme" played at the New Super Mario Bros. Wii booth at E3 2009 and was meant to play alongside an early version of "Ground Theme" from said game.[8][9]

Video Games Live[edit]

Video Games Live in Tokyo, Japan featured a live piano performance by Koji Kondo of "Ground Theme" from New Super Mario Bros., "Rosalina in the Observatory" from Super Mario Galaxy, "Athletic BGM" from Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, "Athletic BGM" from Super Mario Bros. 3, and "Underground BGM" and "Ground BGM" from Super Mario Bros.[10]

New Super Mario Bros. Wii: Simplified Piano Solos / New Super Mario Bros. Wii: Intermediate–Advanced Piano Solos[edit]

The books New Super Mario Bros. Wii: Simplified Piano Solos and New Super Mario Bros. Wii: Intermediate–Advanced Piano Solos feature solo piano arrangements of "Ground Theme" arranged by Shinobu Amayake.

Taiko no Tatsujin[edit]

Taiko no Tatsujin Wii: Minna de Party Sandaime!, Taiko no Tatsujin Wii: Kettei-Ban, Taiko no Tatsujin Wii: Chogouka-Ban, and Taiko no Tatsujin 14 feature a medley of "Ground Theme", "Underground Theme", "Switch On!", "Bonus Area", "Athletic Theme", and "Course Clear" from New Super Mario Bros. Wii as a playable song. It is titled the "New Super Mario Bros. Wii Medley".

PRESS START 2010 / SUPER MARIO BROS. 25th Anniversary Special Sound Track PRESS START Edition[edit]

PRESS START 2010 in Tokyo, Japan featured a live orchestral medley arrangement of "Ground Theme", "Player Down", "Castle Theme", and "Course Clear" from New Super Mario Bros. Wii. It is also included in the official album SUPER MARIO BROS. 25th Anniversary Special Sound Track PRESS START Edition, where it is titled 「New スーパーマリオブラザーズ Wii 〜PRESS START 2010より〜」 (New Sūpā Mario Burazāzu Wii 〜 PRESS START 2010 Yori 〜, "New Super Mario Bros. Wii ~From PRESS START 2010~").

Icon of an audio speaker. New スーパーマリオブラザーズ Wii 〜PRESS START 2010より〜 - The arrangement heard at PRESS START 2010
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Nintendo Game Music Live[edit]

As part of Nintendo World 2011, Nintendo Game Music Live featured a live piano performance by Koji Kondo of "Ground Theme" from New Super Mario Bros., "Starship Mario" from Super Mario Galaxy 2, "Athletic BGM" from Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, and "Athletic BGM" from Super Mario World.[11]

Super Mario Bros. 30th Anniversary Live[edit]

The "Super Mario Bros. 30th Anniversary Live" concert series featured a live big band medley arrangement by the Super Mario Big Band of "Ground Theme" and "Athletic Theme" from New Super Mario Bros., "Title Theme" from New Super Mario Bros. Wii, and "Ground Theme" from New Super Mario Bros. U.

LINE[edit]

The Super Mario's Relaxing Life LINE sticker set features a brief arrangement of "Ground Theme" that plays over a sticker of a Goomba saying thanks.

Icon of an audio speaker. Ground Theme - The arrangement heard in LINE
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Super Nintendo World[edit]

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At the Super Nintendo World theme park, an arrangement of "Ground Theme" can play in the 1-UP Factory.

Nintendo Live 2023[edit]

Nintendo Live 2023 in Seattle, Washington, USA featured a live big band medley arrangement by the Super Mario Super Big Band of several themes from New Super Mario Bros., including "Ground Theme".[12]

Gallery[edit]

List of Super Mario appearances[edit]

Games[edit]

Work System Year Type Title Credits
New Super Mario Bros. Nintendo DS 2006 Original "Ground Theme"[2] Koji Kondo
Arrangement "Prologue: Out for a Walk"[2]
"Athletic Theme"[2]
"Staff Credits"[2]
"Mario Vs. Luigi - Stage BGM 1"[2]
Super Smash Bros. Brawl Wii 2008 Arrangement "Main Theme (New Super Mario Bros.)"[13] Shogo Sakai
New Super Mario Bros. Wii Wii 2009 Arrangement  
「地上BGM」 (Chijō BGM)[14] Kenta Nagata
 
 
Ryo Nagamatsu
New Super Mario Bros. Wii Coin World Arcade 2011 Arrangement
Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games Wii 2011 Arrangement "Main Theme: New Super Mario Bros. Wii"[15]
New Super Mario Bros. 2 Nintendo 3DS 2012 Arrangement 「地上BGM」 (Chijō BGM)[14] Kenta Nagata
 
 
Past arrangement (New Super Mario Bros. Wii)
Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games Wii U 2013 Past arrangement (Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games [Wii]) "Main Theme: New Super Mario Bros. Wii (Remix)"[16]
Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS Nintendo 3DS 2014 Arrangement "Athletic Theme / Ground Theme (New Super Mario Bros. 2)"[17] Yusuke Takahama
Super Smash Bros. for Wii U Wii U 2014 Past arrangement (Super Smash Bros. Brawl) "Main Theme (New Super Mario Bros.)"[18] Shogo Sakai
Past arrangement (New Super Mario Bros. 2) "Ground Theme (New Super Mario Bros. 2)"[18] Kenta Nagata
Past arrangement (Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS) "Athletic Theme / Ground Theme (New Super Mario Bros. 2)"[18] Yusuke Takahama
Mario Party 10 Wii U 2015 Arrangement "Contemporary Theme"[19]
Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition Nintendo 3DS 2015 Past arrangement (New Super Mario Bros. Wii) Kenta Nagata
Puzzle & Dragons Z + Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition Nintendo 3DS 2015 Past arrangement (New Super Mario Bros. Wii) Kenta Nagata
Mario & Sonic at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games Wii U 2016 Arrangement
Past arrangement (Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games [Wii])
Mario Party: Star Rush Nintendo 3DS 2016 Original "Overworld Theme"[5] Kojo Kondo
Super Smash Bros. Ultimate Nintendo Switch 2018 Past arrangement (Super Smash Bros. Brawl) "Main Theme - New Super Mario Bros."[20] Shogo Sakai
Past arrangement (New Super Mario Bros. 2) "Ground Theme - New Super Mario Bros. 2"[20]
Past arrangement (Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS) "Athletic Theme - New Super Mario Bros. 2"[20] Yusuke Takahama
Mario Strikers: Battle League Nintendo Switch 2022 Arrangement
Mario Kart World Nintendo Switch 2 2025 Arrangement "Ground BGM"[3]

Albums[edit]

Work Year Type Title Credits
Super Mario History 1985-2010 2010 Original "Main Theme" Koji Kondo
SUPER MARIO BROS. 25th Anniversary Special Sound Track PRESS START Edition 2010 Past arrangement (PRESS START 2010) 「New スーパーマリオブラザーズ Wii 〜PRESS START 2010より〜」
(New Sūpā Mario Burazāzu Wii 〜 PRESS START 2010 Yori 〜)
Takeshi Hama
Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS / Wii U: A Smashing Soundtrack 2015 Past arrangement (Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS) "Athletic Theme / Ground Theme" Yusuke Takahama
The 30th Anniversary Super Mario Bros. Music 2015 Original 「地上BGM」 (Chijō BGM) Koji Kondo
Past arrangement (New Super Mario Bros. Wii) 「地上BGM」 (Chijō BGM) Kenta Nagata
Past arrangement (New Super Mario Bros. 2) 「地上BGM」 (Chijō BGM)

Live performances[edit]

Event Year Location Type Title Credits
Video Games Live 2009 Tokyo International Forum, Tokyo, Japan Arrangement Koji Kondo
PRESS START 2010 2010 Tokyo Metropolitan Theatre, Tokyo, Japan Arrangement 「New スーパーマリオブラザーズ Wii 〜PRESS START 2010より〜」
(New Sūpā Mario Burazāzu Wii 〜 PRESS START 2010 Yori 〜)[21]
Takeshi Hama
Nintendo Game Music Live 2011 Makuhari Messe, Chiba, Japan Arrangement Koji Kondo
Super Mario Bros. 30th Anniversary Live 2015 Osaka International Convention Center, Osaka, Japan and Tokyo International Forum, Tokyo, Japan Arrangement Super Mario Special Band
Nintendo Live 2023 2023 Seattle Convention Center, Seattle, Washington, USA Arrangement Super Mario Super Big Band

Other media[edit]

Work Year Type Title Credits
E3 2009 2009 Arrangement
New Super Mario Bros. Wii: Simplified Piano Solos 2010 Arrangement "Ground Theme" Shinobu Amayake
New Super Mario Bros. Wii: Intermediate–Advanced Piano Solos 2013 Arrangement "Ground Theme" Shinobu Amayake
LINE 2017[22] Arrangement
Super Nintendo World 2021 Arrangement Dani Donadi[23]
Nintendo Music 2025[a] Original "Ground Theme"[2] Koji Kondo
Past arrangement (New Super Mario Bros.) "Prologue: Out for a Walk"[2]
"Staff Credits"[2]
"Mario Vs. Luigi - Stage BGM 1"[2]
  1. ^ Added on October 27, 2025

Names in other languages[edit]

Language Name Meaning Note(s) Ref.
Japanese 地上のテーマ
Chijō no Tēma
Ground Theme [2]
地上BGM
Chijō BGM
Ground BGM [14]
Italian Tema principale Main theme [24]

References[edit]

  1. ^ The 30th Anniversary Super Mario Bros. Music
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Nintendo Music
  3. ^ a b Mario Kart World pause menu
  4. ^ Super Mario History 1985-2010
  5. ^ a b Mario Party: Star Rush's Rhythm Recital music selection
  6. ^ a b New Super Mario Bros. Wii: Simplified Piano Solos
  7. ^ Nintendo World Report (October 3, 2009). New Super Mario Bros. Wii gameplay PAX trailer. YouTube (English). Retrieved June 23, 2025.
  8. ^ Nintendo World Report (June 5, 2009). Morton Koopa Jr. in New Super Mario Bros Wii (Koopa Kid Returns) E3 2009. YouTube (English). Retrieved June 23, 2025.
  9. ^ PelaajaHD (June 4, 2009). E3 2009 New Super Mario Bros Wii. YouTube (English). Retrieved June 23, 2025.
  10. ^ JVN (September 24, 2009). Koji Kondo - Video-Games Live Japan (Super Mario Medley). YouTube (English). Retrieved June 22, 2025.
  11. ^ onilink888 (January 10, 2011). Nintendo World 2011 Nintendo Music Live! Featuring Koji Kondo (28:34). YouTube (English). Retrieved June 27, 2025.
  12. ^ Hitbox Hero (September 3, 2023). Nintendo Live 2023 - Super Mario Super Big Band uncut full show (30:19). YouTube (English). Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  13. ^ Super Smash Bros. Brawl sound test
  14. ^ a b c The 30th Anniversary Super Mario Bros. Music
  15. ^ Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games (Wii) sound test
  16. ^ Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games sound test
  17. ^ Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS sound test
  18. ^ a b c Super Smash Bros. Wii U sound test
  19. ^ Mario Party 10 sound test
  20. ^ a b c Super Smash Bros. Ultimate sound test
  21. ^ SUPER MARIO BROS. 25th Anniversary Special Sound Track PRESS START Edition
  22. ^ Ganos, Lauren (October 19, 2017). Super Mario’s Relaxing Life | Line Sticker Showcase. Nintendo Wire (English). Retrieved August 18, 2024.
  23. ^ Dani Donadi. Profile. Linkedin. Retrieved July 16, 2025.
  24. ^ Super Mario All-Stars - 25th Anniversary Edition | Wii | Giochi | Nintendo IT. Nintendo (Italian). Retrieved August 18, 2024.