Rainbow Road (Super Mario Kart theme)
| "Rainbow Road" | |
|---|---|
| "Rainbow Road" in Super Mario Kart | |
Image from Nintendo Music | |
| Composed by: Soyo Oka | |
| Key | C major |
| First appearance | Super Mario Kart (1992) |
| Latest appearance | Mario Kart World (2025) |
"Rainbow Road"[1] is a musical theme composed by Soyo Oka for Super Mario Kart, where it plays in the race course of the same name. Elements from it have been integrated into the theme of every Rainbow Road course throughout the Mario Kart series.[2] It is one of Soyo Oka's favorite themes that she has composed.[3]
Composition[edit]
"Rainbow Road" debuted in Super Mario Kart for its Rainbow Road course. It is a funk arrangement in the key of C major divided into two main sections. The first section of the theme is primarily based around a Isus chord to I chord vamp (notated as C13sus - C13) with an open bassline that alternates between the tonic (1̂, also the root note) of the key, the dominant (5̂), and the tonic above.
The two sections are separated by an 8-bar bridge that features two main motifs that have gone on to reappear many times throughout the Mario Kart series. The first motif is a rising triad over a tonic pedal bass, where the theme rises from a C major 7 chord to a D major chord, then to an E-flat major chord, and finally to an F major add 2 chord, all while the bass remains in the key of C major (notated as Cmaj7 - D/C - E♭/C - F(add2)/C). This results in a I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression. The second motif is the open leap in the melody between the dominant, the tonic, and the dominant one octave above (G, C, and G in this case).
The second section of the song is a combination of the second motif from the bridge, featuring jumps between the 1st and 5th notes transposed down a fifth and harmonized with four-part synth harmonies, as well as the first section of the song, featuring vamps between I and Isus chords.[2]
| File info 0:30 |
| File info 0:14 |
| File info 0:14 |
History[edit]
Mario Kart series[edit]
Super Mario Kart[edit]
Super Mario Kart marks the first appearance of "Rainbow Road". It is also included in the official album Super Famicom New Game Sound Museum Vol. 5.
Mario Kart 64[edit]
- Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart 64 theme)
In Mario Kart 64, the theme that plays in Rainbow Road shares some elements with "Rainbow Road". Like the Super Mario Kart theme, Mario Kart 64's Rainbow Road theme begins with a Isus chord to I chord progression. Also like Super Mario Kart, the melody of the theme is based around jumping and walking between the tonic and the dominant.[2]
| File info 0:30 |
Mario Kart: Super Circuit[edit]
- Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart: Super Circuit theme)
Mario Kart: Super Circuit features two arrangements of "Rainbow Road".
The theme that plays in Rainbow Road features the first motif of "Rainbow Road" in the intro, this time in the key of D major: an ascending I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression over a tonic pedal bass (notated as D5 - E/D - F - G(add2)). However, the tonic pedal only extends to the II chord in this arrangement. Using this motif as the opening for the theme would go on to become a common element of "Rainbow Road" themes throughout the Mario Kart series.[2]
A faithful arrangement of "Rainbow Road" with chiptune instrumentation plays in the Rainbow Road extra track.
| File info 0:10 |
| File info 0:30 |
Mario Kart: Double Dash!![edit]
- Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart: Double Dash!! theme)
In Mario Kart: Double Dash!!, the theme that plays in Rainbow Road uses the first "Rainbow Road" motif as its opening with a I - II - ♭III - IV chord walkup in the original key of C major, similar to Mario Kart: Super Circuit's Rainbow Road theme. However, this arrangement makes a couple of changes. It does not feature a tonic pedal, and it changes the IV chord in the progression to a V7sus chord, replacing the F(add2) chord with a F/G chord (notated as Cmaj7 - D - E♭ - F/G).[2]
| File info 0:30 |
Mario Kart DS[edit]
- Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart DS theme)
Mario Kart DS features two arrangements of "Rainbow Road".
The beginning of the theme that plays in the Single Player menu features backing chords that follow the exact same I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression from "Rainbow Road". After the I - II - ♭III - IV progression plays, several variations of this progression can be heard, eventually looping back to the original I - II - ♭III - IV.
The theme that plays in Rainbow Road opens in the key of D major with the I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression motif from "Rainbow Road". The tonic pedal from Super Mario Kart also returns, and like in Mario Kart: Double Dash!!, the I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression is changed to a I - II - ♭III - V7sus chord progression (notated as D - E/D - F/D - G/A). Additionally, the funk bassline in this version is clearly inspired by the bassline from the original "Rainbow Road". The melody of this arrangement's second section not only showcases the "Rainbow Road" open fifths motif, but also is a rhythmically altered reinterpretation of the bridge section melody from "Rainbow Road".[2]
| File info 0:30 |
| File info 0:30 |
| File info 0:30 |
Mario Kart Wii[edit]
- Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart Wii theme)
In Mario Kart Wii, the theme that plays in Rainbow Road opens in the key of D major with the I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression and tonic pedal motif from "Rainbow Road" (notated as D - E/D - F/D - G/D). However, instead of the repetition being an exact copy of the preceding ascending chord progression like in Super Mario Kart, the repetition instead descends in a I - ♭VII - ♭VI - V pattern, keeping the tonic pedal until the ♭VI chord (notated as D - C/D - B♭/D - G/A).[2] The melody quotes the refrain of "Egg Planet" from Super Mario Galaxy, which begins with the same open fifths as the second common Rainbow Road motif.
| File info 0:30 |
Mario Kart 7[edit]
- Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart 7 theme)
Mario Kart 7 features two arrangements of "Rainbow Road".
The theme that plays in Rainbow Road opens with a chord progression in the key of E major inspired by the I - II - ♭III - IV motif from "Rainbow Road", but it is not identical. The arrangement instead opens with a I - II - ♭II - I progression with the ♭II being held for two bars instead of one, and the underlying tonic pedal making a return (notated as E - F#/E - F/E - E(sus4)). Additionally, the melody of Mario Kart 7's "Rainbow Road" is based around the tonic and the dominant, a callback to the second motif from "Rainbow Road".[2]
A faithful arrangement of "Rainbow Road" plays in SNES Rainbow Road. It is likewise titled "SNES Rainbow Road" in the Nintendo Music app. Aside from enhanced percussion, this arrangement is faithful to the original. A looping drum set beat is added to the instrumentation whenever the player is driving at top speed while in first place.
| File info 0:30 |
| File info 0:30 |
| File info 0:30 |
Mario Kart 8 / Mario Kart 8 Deluxe[edit]
- Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart 8 theme)
- “I love this tune, so I was really nervous when rearranging, as I didn't want to spoil it. This is the third time this has appeared as a classic course, so I wanted to make it as bright and sparkly as possible. I went all-out and used a cutting edge digital synth sound.”
- —Liner notes in the Mario Kart 8 Original Soundtrack
Mario Kart 8 and the Nintendo Switch port, Mario Kart 8 Deluxe, features two arrangements of "Rainbow Road"
In the theme that plays in Rainbow Road, the transition between the bridge and the beginning of the theme uses an altered version of the Mario Kart Wii take on the I - II - ♭III - IV motif from "Rainbow Road" all over a tonic pedal bass key of A-flat major. While Mario Kart Wii included a I - ♭VII - ♭VI - V descending chord progression, Mario Kart 8 changes the V chord to an additional ♭VII chord, resulting in a I - ♭VII - ♭VI - ♭VII chord progression (notated as A♭ - G♭/A♭ - F♭/A♭ - G♭/A♭). Additionally, the main melody of Mario Kart 8's Rainbow Road theme features the 1st-5th motif from "Rainbow Road", as it is largely based off of elaborations of wide fourth and fifth leaps mostly between the dominant and tonic of the key.[2]
As part of The Legend of Zelda × Mario Kart 8 DLC, a faithful arrangement of "Rainbow Road" arranged by Atsuko Asahi plays in SNES Rainbow Road. It is likewise titled "SNES Rainbow Road" in the Nintendo Music app and the official Mario Kart 8 Original Soundtrack album. A looping drum set beat is added to the instrumentation whenever the player is driving at top speed while in first place.
| File info 0:30 |
| File info 0:30 |
| File info 0:30 |
Mario Kart Tour[edit]
In Mario Kart Tour, "SNES Rainbow Road" from Mario Kart 7 plays in SNES Rainbow Road, RMX Rainbow Road 1, and RMX Rainbow Road 2. Moreover, the theme that plays while the player's opponents are being selected before a race is an arrangement of the I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression over a tonic pedal bass motif from "Rainbow Road".
| File info 0:30 |
Mario Kart World[edit]
| It has been requested that more audio and/or video files related to this section be uploaded. Specifics: All arrangements Please upload music, sound effects, voice clips, or any videos for this section. See the help page for help getting started. |
Mario Kart World features two arrangements of "Rainbow Road".
The theme that plays in Rainbow Road features several elements from "Rainbow Road". The main motif of the theme, repeated in all sections of the music, primarily features fourth and fifth leaps between the tonic and the dominant, similar to "Rainbow Road". At the start of the first section, the rising I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression is also featured, albeit altered, extended and having the tonic pedal removed, resulting in the chord progression of I - ii - ♭III - ♭III - IV - ♭V - iv (D - Em - F - F/G - G/A - A/B♭ - Gm7/C).[4] The entire track is simply titled "Rainbow Road" in the game's pause menu.
A faithful, funky house arrangement of "Rainbow Road" can play in Free Roam during nighttime.
NES Remix 2[edit]
In NES Remix 2, an arrangement "Rainbow Road" is incorporated in the arrangement of "P Switch BGM / Toad's House" in the 21st Bonus stage.[5]
| File info 0:30 |
WarioWare Gold[edit]
In WarioWare Gold, an excerpt of "Rainbow Road" plays in the Super Mario Kart microgame
The Super Mario Bros. Movie[edit]
In The Super Mario Bros. Movie, a brief arrangement of "Rainbow Road" is incorporated in the track "Buckle Up", which plays during the scene of Mario, Peach, Toad, and the Kongs landing on Rainbow Road on their way to the Mushroom Kingdom.
| File info 0:30 |
Gallery[edit]
Image for "Rainbow Road (Final Lap)" from Super Mario Kart on Nintendo Music
Image for "SNES Rainbow Road" from Mario Kart 7 on Nintendo Music
Image for "SNES Rainbow Road" from Mario Kart 8 Deluxe on Nintendo Music
List of Super Mario appearances[edit]
Games[edit]
| Work | System | Year | Type | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Super Mario Kart | Super Nintendo Entertainment System | 1992 | Original | "Rainbow Road"[1] | Soyo Oka |
| Mario Kart 64 | Nintendo 64 | 1996 | Arrangement | "Rainbow Road"[6] | Kenta Nagata |
| Mario Kart: Super Circuit | Game Boy Advance | 2001 | Arrangement | ||
| Mario Kart: Double Dash!! | Nintendo GameCube | 2003 | Arrangement | ||
| Mario Kart DS | Nintendo DS | 2005 | Arrangement | Shinobu Nagata | |
| Mario Kart Wii | Wii | 2008 | Arrangement | 「レインボーロード」 (Reinbō Rōdo)[7] | |
| Mario Kart 7 | Nintendo 3DS | 2011 | Arrangement | "Rainbow Road"[1] | |
| "SNES Rainbow Road"[1] | |||||
| NES Remix 2 | Wii U | 2014 | Arrangement | ||
| Mario Kart 8 | Wii U | 2014 | Arrangement | "Rainbow Road"[8] | Shiho Fujii |
| 2014[a] | "SNES Rainbow Road"[8] | Atsuko Asahi | |||
| Remix | |||||
| Mario Kart 8 Deluxe | Nintendo Switch | 2017 | Past arrangement (Mario Kart 8) | "SNES Rainbow Road"[8] | Atsuko Asahi |
| Past remix (Mario Kart 8 Deluxe) | |||||
| WarioWare Gold | Nintendo 3DS | 2018 | Original | ||
| Mario Kart Tour | iOS, Android | 2019 | Arrangement | ||
| 2019[b] | Past arrangement (Mario Kart 7) | ||||
| Mario Kart World | Nintendo Switch 2 | 2025 | Arrangement | "Rainbow Road"[9] | |
| "Rainbow Road"[9] |
- ^ Added in The Legend of Zelda × Mario Kart 8 DLC on November 13, 2014
- ^ Added in the Tokyo Tour on October 8, 2019
Film and television[edit]
| Work | Year | Type | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Super Mario Bros. Movie | 2023 | Arrangement | "Buckle Up"[10] | Brian Tyler |
Albums[edit]
| Work | Year | Type | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Super Famicom New Game Sound Museum Vol. 5 | 1992 | Original | 「レインボーロード」 (Reinbō Rōdo) | Soyo Oka |
| Mario Kart 8 Original Soundtrack | 2015 | Past arrangement (Mario Kart 8) | "SNES Rainbow Road" | Atsuko Asahi |
| The Super Mario Bros. Movie (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) | 2023 | Past arrangement (The Super Mario Bros. Movie) | "Buckle Up" | Brian Tyler |
Other media[edit]
| Work | Year | Type | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nintendo Music | 2024 | Past arrangement (Mario Kart 8) | "SNES Rainbow Road" | Atsuko Asahi |
| 2025[a] | Original | "Rainbow Road" | Soyo Oka | |
| 2025[b] | Past arrangement (Mario Kart 7) | "SNES Rainbow Road" |
Names in other languages[edit]
| Language | Name | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Japanese | レインボーロード[?] Reinbō Rōdo |
Rainbow Road | |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 彩虹之路[?] Cǎihóng zhī Lù (Mandarin) |
Rainbow Road | |
| 彩虹桥[?] Cǎihóng Qiáo (Mandarin) |
Rainbow Bridge | Mario Kart 7, Mario Kart: Super Circuit prototype | |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 彩虹之路[?] Cǎihóng zhī Lù (Mandarin) |
Rainbow Road | |
| Dutch | Regenboogbaan[?] | Rainbow Track | |
| French (Canadian) | Route arc-en-ciel[?] | Rainbow Road | |
| French (European) | Route Arc-en-ciel[?] | Rainbow Road | |
| German | Regenbogen-Boulevard[?] | Rainbow Boulevard | |
| Italian | Pista Arcobaleno[?] | Rainbow Track | |
| Korean | 무지개 로드[?] Mujigae Rodeu |
Raindow Road | |
| Portuguese (Brazilian) | Avenida Arco-íris[?] | Rainbow Avenue | |
| Portuguese (European) | Estrada Arco-Íris[?] | Rainbow Road | |
| Russian | Трасса Радуга[?] Trassa Raduga |
Rainbow Track | |
| Spanish | Senda Arco Iris[?] | Rainbow Trail |
Notes[edit]
- On the Nintendo Music app, "Rainbow Road" is labeled as "Selects", classifying it as one "of the very best tracks from the Nintendo Music library", originating from Super Mario Kart. "Rainbow Road" shares this title with "Super Mario Kart Title Screen" and "Mario Circuit".
- "Rainbow Road" is the only race course theme in Super Mario Kart to never be directly reused in a subsequent Mario Kart game.
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d Nintendo Music
- ^ a b c d e f g h i 8-bit Music Theory (March 20, 2018). The Musical Evolution of Rainbow Road. YouTube (English). Retrieved July 3, 2023.
- ^ Interview with Soyo Oka. rocketbaby.net. Archived August 19, 2003, 22:02:10 UTC from the original via Wayback Machine. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
- ^ Cadence Hira (July 15, 2025). The SECRETS that make Mario Kart World Rainbow Road a MASTERPIECE. YouTube (English). Retrieved July 16, 2025.
- ^ August 27, 2023. Post by Supper Mario Broth. suppermariobroth.com (English). Retrieved August 27, 2023. (Archived August 27, 2023, 14:24:58 UTC via Wayback Machine.)
- ^ Mario Kart 64 Race Tracks
- ^ Mario Kart Wii Platinum Soundtrack
- ^ a b c Mario Kart 8 Original Soundtrack
- ^ a b Mario Kart World pause menu
- ^ The Super Mario Bros. Movie (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)