Rainbow Road (Super Mario Kart theme)

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"Rainbow Road"
"Rainbow Road" in Super Mario Kart
The image for "Rainbow Road" from Super Mario Kart on Nintendo Music.
Image from Nintendo Music
Composed by:
Soyo Oka
Key C major
First appearance Super Mario Kart (1992)
Latest appearance Mario Kart World (2025)

"Rainbow Road"[1] is a musical theme composed by Soyo Oka for Super Mario Kart, where it plays in the race course of the same name. Elements from it have been integrated into the theme of every Rainbow Road course throughout the Mario Kart series.[2] It is one of Soyo Oka's favorite themes that she has composed.[3]

Composition[edit]

"Rainbow Road" debuted in Super Mario Kart for its Rainbow Road course. It is a funk arrangement in the key of C major divided into two main sections. The first section of the theme is primarily based around a Isus chord to I chord vamp (notated as C13sus - C13) with an open bassline that alternates between the tonic (1̂, also the root note) of the key, the dominant (5̂), and the tonic above.

The two sections are separated by an 8-bar bridge that features two main motifs that have gone on to reappear many times throughout the Mario Kart series. The first motif is a rising triad over a tonic pedal bass, where the theme rises from a C major 7 chord to a D major chord, then to an E-flat major chord, and finally to an F major add 2 chord, all while the bass remains in the key of C major (notated as Cmaj7 - D/C - E♭/C - F(add2)/C). This results in a I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression. The second motif is the open leap in the melody between the dominant, the tonic, and the dominant one octave above (G, C, and G in this case).

The second section of the song is a combination of the second motif from the bridge, featuring jumps between the 1st and 5th notes transposed down a fifth and harmonized with four-part synth harmonies, as well as the first section of the song, featuring vamps between I and Isus chords.[2]

Icon of an audio speaker. Rainbow Road - The first section of the arrangement heard in Super Mario Kart
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Icon of an audio speaker. Rainbow Road - The bridge section of the arrangement heard in Super Mario Kart
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Icon of an audio speaker. Rainbow Road - The second section of the arrangement heard in Super Mario Kart
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History[edit]

Mario Kart series[edit]

Super Mario Kart[edit]

Super Mario Kart marks the first appearance of "Rainbow Road". It is also included in the official album Super Famicom New Game Sound Museum Vol. 5.

Mario Kart 64[edit]

Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart 64 theme)

In Mario Kart 64, the theme that plays in Rainbow Road shares some elements with "Rainbow Road". Like the Super Mario Kart theme, Mario Kart 64's Rainbow Road theme begins with a Isus chord to I chord progression. Also like Super Mario Kart, the melody of the theme is based around jumping and walking between the tonic and the dominant.[2]

Icon of an audio speaker. Rainbow Road - The arrangement heard in Mario Kart 64
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Mario Kart: Super Circuit[edit]

Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart: Super Circuit theme)

Mario Kart: Super Circuit features two arrangements of "Rainbow Road".

The theme that plays in Rainbow Road features the first motif of "Rainbow Road" in the intro, this time in the key of D major: an ascending I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression over a tonic pedal bass (notated as D5 - E/D - F - G(add2)). However, the tonic pedal only extends to the II chord in this arrangement. Using this motif as the opening for the theme would go on to become a common element of "Rainbow Road" themes throughout the Mario Kart series.[2]

A faithful arrangement of "Rainbow Road" with chiptune instrumentation plays in the Rainbow Road extra track.

Icon of an audio speaker. Rainbow Road - The arrangement heard in Mario Kart: Super Circuit
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Icon of an audio speaker. Rainbow Road (Extra Track) - The arrangement heard in Mario Kart: Super Circuit
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Mario Kart: Double Dash!![edit]

Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart: Double Dash!! theme)

In Mario Kart: Double Dash!!, the theme that plays in Rainbow Road uses the first "Rainbow Road" motif as its opening with a I - II - ♭III - IV chord walkup in the original key of C major, similar to Mario Kart: Super Circuit's Rainbow Road theme. However, this arrangement makes a couple of changes. It does not feature a tonic pedal, and it changes the IV chord in the progression to a V7sus chord, replacing the F(add2) chord with a F/G chord (notated as Cmaj7 - D - E♭ - F/G).[2]

Icon of an audio speaker. Rainbow Road - The arrangement heard in Mario Kart: Double Dash!!
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Mario Kart DS[edit]

Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart DS theme)

Mario Kart DS features two arrangements of "Rainbow Road".

The beginning of the theme that plays in the Single Player menu features backing chords that follow the exact same I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression from "Rainbow Road". After the I - II - ♭III - IV progression plays, several variations of this progression can be heard, eventually looping back to the original I - II - ♭III - IV.

The theme that plays in Rainbow Road opens in the key of D major with the I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression motif from "Rainbow Road". The tonic pedal from Super Mario Kart also returns, and like in Mario Kart: Double Dash!!, the I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression is changed to a I - II - ♭III - V7sus chord progression (notated as D - E/D - F/D - G/A). Additionally, the funk bassline in this version is clearly inspired by the bassline from the original "Rainbow Road". The melody of this arrangement's second section not only showcases the "Rainbow Road" open fifths motif, but also is a rhythmically altered reinterpretation of the bridge section melody from "Rainbow Road".[2]

Icon of an audio speaker. Selection Screen - The single player menu arrangement heard in Mario Kart DS
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Icon of an audio speaker. Rainbow Road - The first section of the Rainbow Road arrangement heard in Mario Kart DS
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Icon of an audio speaker. Rainbow Road - The second section of the Rainbow Road arrangement heard in Mario Kart DS
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Mario Kart Wii[edit]

Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart Wii theme)

In Mario Kart Wii, the theme that plays in Rainbow Road opens in the key of D major with the I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression and tonic pedal motif from "Rainbow Road" (notated as D - E/D - F/D - G/D). However, instead of the repetition being an exact copy of the preceding ascending chord progression like in Super Mario Kart, the repetition instead descends in a I - ♭VII - ♭VI - V pattern, keeping the tonic pedal until the ♭VI chord (notated as D - C/D - B♭/D - G/A).[2] The melody quotes the refrain of "Egg Planet" from Super Mario Galaxy, which begins with the same open fifths as the second common Rainbow Road motif.

Icon of an audio speaker. レインボーロード - The arrangement heard in Mario Kart Wii
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Mario Kart 7[edit]

Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart 7 theme)

Mario Kart 7 features two arrangements of "Rainbow Road".

The theme that plays in Rainbow Road opens with a chord progression in the key of E major inspired by the I - II - ♭III - IV motif from "Rainbow Road", but it is not identical. The arrangement instead opens with a I - II - ♭II - I progression with the ♭II being held for two bars instead of one, and the underlying tonic pedal making a return (notated as E - F#/E - F/E - E(sus4)). Additionally, the melody of Mario Kart 7's "Rainbow Road" is based around the tonic and the dominant, a callback to the second motif from "Rainbow Road".[2]

A faithful arrangement of "Rainbow Road" plays in SNES Rainbow Road. It is likewise titled "SNES Rainbow Road" in the Nintendo Music app. Aside from enhanced percussion, this arrangement is faithful to the original. A looping drum set beat is added to the instrumentation whenever the player is driving at top speed while in first place.

Icon of an audio speaker. Rainbow Road - The arrangement heard in Mario Kart 7
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Icon of an audio speaker. SNES Rainbow Road - The arrangement heard in Mario Kart 7
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Icon of an audio speaker. SNES Rainbow Road (Frontrunning) - The remix heard in Mario Kart 7
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Mario Kart 8 / Mario Kart 8 Deluxe[edit]

Main article: Rainbow Road (Mario Kart 8 theme)
“I love this tune, so I was really nervous when rearranging, as I didn't want to spoil it. This is the third time this has appeared as a classic course, so I wanted to make it as bright and sparkly as possible. I went all-out and used a cutting edge digital synth sound.”
Liner notes in the Mario Kart 8 Original Soundtrack

Mario Kart 8 and the Nintendo Switch port, Mario Kart 8 Deluxe, features two arrangements of "Rainbow Road"

In the theme that plays in Rainbow Road, the transition between the bridge and the beginning of the theme uses an altered version of the Mario Kart Wii take on the I - II - ♭III - IV motif from "Rainbow Road" all over a tonic pedal bass key of A-flat major. While Mario Kart Wii included a I - ♭VII - ♭VI - V descending chord progression, Mario Kart 8 changes the V chord to an additional ♭VII chord, resulting in a I - ♭VII - ♭VI - ♭VII chord progression (notated as A♭ - G♭/A♭ - F♭/A♭ - G♭/A♭). Additionally, the main melody of Mario Kart 8's Rainbow Road theme features the 1st-5th motif from "Rainbow Road", as it is largely based off of elaborations of wide fourth and fifth leaps mostly between the dominant and tonic of the key.[2]

As part of The Legend of Zelda × Mario Kart 8 DLC, a faithful arrangement of "Rainbow Road" arranged by Atsuko Asahi plays in SNES Rainbow Road. It is likewise titled "SNES Rainbow Road" in the Nintendo Music app and the official Mario Kart 8 Original Soundtrack album. A looping drum set beat is added to the instrumentation whenever the player is driving at top speed while in first place.

Icon of an audio speaker. Rainbow Road - The arrangement heard in Mario Kart 8
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Icon of an audio speaker. SNES Rainbow Road - The arrangement heard in Mario Kart 8
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Icon of an audio speaker. SNES Rainbow Road (Frontrunning) - The remix heard in Mario Kart 8
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Mario Kart Tour[edit]

In Mario Kart Tour, "SNES Rainbow Road" from Mario Kart 7 plays in SNES Rainbow Road, RMX Rainbow Road 1, and RMX Rainbow Road 2. Moreover, the theme that plays while the player's opponents are being selected before a race is an arrangement of the I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression over a tonic pedal bass motif from "Rainbow Road".

Icon of an audio speaker. Matchmaking - The arrangement heard in Mario Kart Tour
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Mario Kart World[edit]

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Mario Kart World features two arrangements of "Rainbow Road".

The theme that plays in Rainbow Road features several elements from "Rainbow Road". The main motif of the theme, repeated in all sections of the music, primarily features fourth and fifth leaps between the tonic and the dominant, similar to "Rainbow Road". At the start of the first section, the rising I - II - ♭III - IV chord progression is also featured, albeit altered, extended and having the tonic pedal removed, resulting in the chord progression of I - ii - ♭III - ♭III - IV - ♭V - iv (D - Em - F - F/G - G/A - A/B♭ - Gm7/C).[4] The entire track is simply titled "Rainbow Road" in the game's pause menu.

A faithful, funky house arrangement of "Rainbow Road" can play in Free Roam during nighttime.

NES Remix 2[edit]

In NES Remix 2, an arrangement "Rainbow Road" is incorporated in the arrangement of "P Switch BGM / Toad's House" in the 21st Bonus stage.[5]

Icon of an audio speaker. P Switch BGM / Toad's House - The arrangement heard in NES Remix 2
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WarioWare Gold[edit]

In WarioWare Gold, an excerpt of "Rainbow Road" plays in the Super Mario Kart microgame

The Super Mario Bros. Movie[edit]

In The Super Mario Bros. Movie, a brief arrangement of "Rainbow Road" is incorporated in the track "Buckle Up", which plays during the scene of Mario, Peach, Toad, and the Kongs landing on Rainbow Road on their way to the Mushroom Kingdom.

Icon of an audio speaker. Buckle Up - The arrangement heard in The Super Mario Bros. Movie
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Gallery[edit]

List of Super Mario appearances[edit]

Games[edit]

Work System Year Type Title Credits
Super Mario Kart Super Nintendo Entertainment System 1992 Original "Rainbow Road"[1] Soyo Oka
Mario Kart 64 Nintendo 64 1996 Arrangement "Rainbow Road"[6] Kenta Nagata
Mario Kart: Super Circuit Game Boy Advance 2001 Arrangement  
 
Mario Kart: Double Dash!! Nintendo GameCube 2003 Arrangement
Mario Kart DS Nintendo DS 2005 Arrangement   Shinobu Nagata
 
Mario Kart Wii Wii 2008 Arrangement 「レインボーロード」 (Reinbō Rōdo)[7]
Mario Kart 7 Nintendo 3DS 2011 Arrangement "Rainbow Road"[1]
"SNES Rainbow Road"[1]
 
NES Remix 2 Wii U 2014 Arrangement
Mario Kart 8 Wii U 2014 Arrangement "Rainbow Road"[8] Shiho Fujii
2014[a] "SNES Rainbow Road"[8] Atsuko Asahi
Remix
Mario Kart 8 Deluxe Nintendo Switch 2017 Past arrangement (Mario Kart 8) "SNES Rainbow Road"[8] Atsuko Asahi
Past remix (Mario Kart 8 Deluxe)
WarioWare Gold Nintendo 3DS 2018 Original
Mario Kart Tour iOS, Android 2019 Arrangement
2019[b] Past arrangement (Mario Kart 7)
Mario Kart World Nintendo Switch 2 2025 Arrangement "Rainbow Road"[9]
"Rainbow Road"[9]
  1. ^ Added in The Legend of Zelda × Mario Kart 8 DLC on November 13, 2014
  2. ^ Added in the Tokyo Tour on October 8, 2019

Film and television[edit]

Work Year Type Title Credits
The Super Mario Bros. Movie 2023 Arrangement "Buckle Up"[10] Brian Tyler

Albums[edit]

Work Year Type Title Credits
Super Famicom New Game Sound Museum Vol. 5 1992 Original 「レインボーロード」 (Reinbō Rōdo) Soyo Oka
Mario Kart 8 Original Soundtrack 2015 Past arrangement (Mario Kart 8) "SNES Rainbow Road" Atsuko Asahi
The Super Mario Bros. Movie (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) 2023 Past arrangement (The Super Mario Bros. Movie) "Buckle Up" Brian Tyler

Other media[edit]

Work Year Type Title Credits
Nintendo Music 2024 Past arrangement (Mario Kart 8) "SNES Rainbow Road" Atsuko Asahi
2025[a] Original "Rainbow Road" Soyo Oka
2025[b] Past arrangement (Mario Kart 7) "SNES Rainbow Road"
  1. ^ Added on January 20, 2025
  2. ^ Added on April 30, 2025

Names in other languages[edit]

Language Name Meaning Notes
Japanese レインボーロード[?]
Reinbō Rōdo
Rainbow Road
Chinese (Simplified) 彩虹之路[?]
Cǎihóng zhī Lù (Mandarin)
Rainbow Road
彩虹桥[?]
Cǎihóng Qiáo (Mandarin)
Rainbow Bridge Mario Kart 7, Mario Kart: Super Circuit prototype
Chinese (Traditional) 彩虹之路[?]
Cǎihóng zhī Lù (Mandarin)
Rainbow Road
Dutch Regenboogbaan[?] Rainbow Track
French (Canadian) Route arc-en-ciel[?] Rainbow Road
French (European) Route Arc-en-ciel[?] Rainbow Road
German Regenbogen-Boulevard[?] Rainbow Boulevard
Italian Pista Arcobaleno[?] Rainbow Track
Korean 무지개 로드[?]
Mujigae Rodeu
Raindow Road
Portuguese (Brazilian) Avenida Arco-íris[?] Rainbow Avenue
Portuguese (European) Estrada Arco-Íris[?] Rainbow Road
Russian Трасса Радуга[?]
Trassa Raduga
Rainbow Track
Spanish Senda Arco Iris[?] Rainbow Trail

Notes[edit]

  • On the Nintendo Music app, "Rainbow Road" is labeled as "Selects", classifying it as one "of the very best tracks from the Nintendo Music library", originating from Super Mario Kart. "Rainbow Road" shares this title with "Super Mario Kart Title Screen" and "Mario Circuit".
  • "Rainbow Road" is the only race course theme in Super Mario Kart to never be directly reused in a subsequent Mario Kart game.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Nintendo Music
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i 8-bit Music Theory (March 20, 2018). The Musical Evolution of Rainbow Road. YouTube (English). Retrieved July 3, 2023.
  3. ^ Interview with Soyo Oka. rocketbaby.net. Archived August 19, 2003, 22:02:10 UTC from the original via Wayback Machine. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  4. ^ Cadence Hira (July 15, 2025). The SECRETS that make Mario Kart World Rainbow Road a MASTERPIECE. YouTube (English). Retrieved July 16, 2025.
  5. ^ August 27, 2023. Post by Supper Mario Broth. suppermariobroth.com (English). Retrieved August 27, 2023. (Archived August 27, 2023, 14:24:58 UTC via Wayback Machine.)
  6. ^ Mario Kart 64 Race Tracks
  7. ^ Mario Kart Wii Platinum Soundtrack
  8. ^ a b c Mario Kart 8 Original Soundtrack
  9. ^ a b Mario Kart World pause menu
  10. ^ The Super Mario Bros. Movie (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)