Super Mario Galaxy

This article is about the Wii game. For other uses, see Super Mario Galaxy (disambiguation).

"Super Mario Wii" redirects here. For the game released in 2009, see New Super Mario Bros. Wii.

Super Mario Galaxy
For alternate art, see the related gallery.
Developer	Nintendo EAD Tokyo
Publisher	Nintendo
Platforms	Wii, Wii U, Nvidia Shield TV
Release dates	Wii (original release): November 1, 2007 November 12, 2007 November 12, 2007 November 16, 2007 November 29, 2007 July 12, 2008 July 12, 2008 September 4, 2008 Wii (Nintendo Selects): August 28, 2011 September 16, 2011 November 7, 2013 November 7, 2013 April 30, 2014 April 23, 2015 Wii U (digital download): May 31, 2015 December 24, 2015 February 4, 2016 February 5, 2016 Nvidia Shield TV: March 22, 2018
Languages	English (United States) English (United Kingdom) Japanese Chinese (Simplified) French (Canada) French (Europe) German Italian Korean Spanish (Latin America) Spanish (Europe)
Genres	Platformer, action-adventure
Ratings	Wii (original release): ESRB: - Everyone[?] CERO: - All ages[?] PEGI: - Three years and older[?] USK: - Six years and older[?] RARS: - All ages[?] GRAC: - All ages[?] ACB: - General[?] Wii (Nintendo Selects): ClassInd: - General audience[?] Wii U (digital download): ACB: - Parental guidance[?]
Modes	Single player, two-player co-op
Format	Wii: Optical disc Wii U: Digital download Nvidia Shield TV: Digital download
Input	Wii: Wii Remote Wii Remote and Nunchuk Wii U: Wii U GamePad Wii Remote Wii Remote and Nunchuk Nvidia Shield TV: Nvidia Shield Controller
Serial code	RVL-RMGJ-JPN

Super Mario Galaxy is a 3D action-adventure platform game for the Wii, first released in Japan on November 1, 2007. It is the eleventh entry in the Super Mario series,^:11–13 the third 3D platformer, and the first of what would be recognized in retrospect as the "course clear-style" games of the series. In this game, the player controls Mario in outer space, moving across spherical planetoids with their own centers of gravity. The levels are more linear than those found in its 3D predecessors Super Mario 64 (1996) and Super Mario Sunshine (2002). Similar to prior games, Mario collects Power Stars to rescue Princess Peach from Bowser, who is trying to establish his own galaxy at the center of the universe. Mario is aided by Luigi, a brigade of Toads, star-shaped creatures called Lumas, and a mysterious woman named Rosalina. The save data description for the title is "Launch into a cosmic adventure!"

Upon its release, Super Mario Galaxy received critical acclaim and commercial success. It received various awards and accolades, including from the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences, the Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association, and the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, and has gone on to be considered one of the greatest video games of all time and a masterpiece. It has sold 12.8 million copies, making it the ninth-best-selling Wii game. A dedicated sequel, Super Mario Galaxy 2, was developed and released for the Wii on May 23, 2010.

Super Mario Galaxy was rereleased in 2011 under the Nintendo Selects branding after having sold well, and is one the few Wii titles to have been rereleased on the Nvidia Shield TV console in 2018. Another rerelease with upscaled graphics was included in the Nintendo Switch compilation Super Mario 3D All-Stars alongside Super Mario 64 and Super Mario Sunshine on September 18, 2020, to correspond with the 35th anniversary of Super Mario Bros. (1985). A second reissue of Super Mario Galaxy for the Nintendo Switch, based on the Super Mario 3D All-Stars version, was released on October 2, 2025, as part of the Super Mario Galaxy + Super Mario Galaxy 2 bundle and as a standalone digital-only release, to coincide with the 40th anniversary of Super Mario Bros. A film inspired by this game and its sequel, titled The Super Mario Galaxy Movie, was released on April 1, 2026.

Story

From the instruction booklet

Every hundred years, a huge comet flies by in the skies above the Mushroom Kingdom. One year, that comet filled the entire sky, and from it fell a stream of shooting stars. The Toads scooped up the Star Bits and brought them to the castle, where they were reborn as a great Power Star. It was a happy time in the Mushroom Kingdom. Then one night Mario received a letter...

Dear Mario, I'll be waiting for you at the castle on the night of the Star Festival. There's something I'd like to give you. From Peach

With invitation in hand, Mario headed off to the castle just as the Star Festival was getting into full swing. Surrounded by Toads gleefully trying to catch falling Star Bits, Mario was looking forward to the night's festivities.

But then, something happened...

Castle Gardens, the beginning area.

Every century, on the eve of the Star Festival, a comet passes over the Mushroom Kingdom and causes stars to fall to the planet below. Princess Peach invites Mario to her castle to join in the festivities and receive a special gift. As Mario arrives in the Castle Gardens, Bowser suddenly attacks the Toads with his airships and encases them in crystals. He "invites" Peach to the creation of his brand new galaxy and uses a UFO to lift the castle off the ground and carry it to the center of the universe, taking her and two Toads with it. Mario manages to reach the castle just before it is taken into outer space, but before he can get to Peach, Kamek suddenly appears and casts a spell at him, knocking him off the castle and deep into space. An apricot-colored Luma, whom Peach was carrying before her abduction, flees to look for Mario before Kamek uses another spell to warp the castle away.

Peach's castle being lifted into space by Bowser.

Mario is awoken by the apricot-colored Luma on a small, grassy planet. Here, he meets other Lumas and Rosalina, a mysterious woman who acts as the protector of the galaxies and the mother of the Lumas. She tells Mario that her ship, the Comet Observatory, had its Power Stars stolen by Bowser. Without them, the Comet Observatory is unable to move through space. Rosalina asks him to reclaim her Power Stars and offers to help rescue Peach and defeat Bowser in exchange. To help him on his quest, Rosalina gives Mario the apricot Luma, who grants Mario the ability to spin and travel through space. Together, they travel to various galaxies in opened domes to obtain Power Stars. Once a mission is completed in one galaxy, Mario collects a Power Star and unlocks the next mission. Most domes contain five galaxies. Once Mario has collected enough Power Stars, the next galaxy in the current dome is one of Bowser's Strongholds, where the Grand Stars, which are larger and more powerful versions of Power Stars, would be in the possession of either Bowser or Bowser Jr. Rescuing a Grand Star unlocks the next dome, and when enough Power Stars are collected, the Comet Observatory is able to take Mario to the center of the universe.

Mario flying with Peach after rescuing her.

After arriving at and traversing through Bowser's brand new galaxy, Mario defeats him, retrieves the last Grand Star, and rescues Peach. Just as they are about to leave, however, a large sun in Bowser's near-complete galaxy undergoes a supernova and becomes a supermassive black hole, which begins pulling in everything in sight. The Lumas from the Comet Observatory, including the apricot Luma, throw themselves into the black hole in order to neutralize it, and it soon evaporates in a massive explosion. Mario appears in front of Rosalina, who saves him from the cataclysm and tells him that this is not the end, but a new beginning for the universe, which repeats its cycle indefinitely and slightly different across each repetition.

Mario later awakens in the Mushroom Kingdom near Peach's Castle, where he witnesses the various friends and foes he met throughout his adventure celebrating together. He then notices Bowser and Peach lying next to him as they begin to stir. When he looks into the sky, he notices a newborn galaxy and hears Rosalina's words echoing in his mind. Mario stands up and exclaims, "Welcome! Welcome new galaxy!" as the camera pans out into space, revealing the reconstructed universe. After 120 Power Stars have been collected, a special cutscene plays after the staff roll: Rosalina thanks the player and says, "I will watch over you from beyond the stars", before flying off with the Comet Observatory. Alone in the rubble left by the supermassive black hole, an apricot Luma appears behind a decrepit starship. This alludes to the idea of how the universe repeats itself. The events of the past will carry out anew, with the lost apricot Luma searching for its mother.

Gameplay

Mario navigating a level with Pull Stars, environmental objects controlled with the Star Pointer.

The player controls Mario, who mainly traverses across spherical planetoids and he levels by collecting Power Stars. His jumping actions allow him to hop between platforms and stomp enemies. Most enemies that cannot be stomped on can be taken out or dazed with a spin, a move new to the series. Rather than performed with button inputs, shaking the Wii Remote makes Mario spin. In addition to taking out enemies, spinning makes Mario engage switches, parry certain attacks, skate on ice, throw held items, and perform an extra small jump in the air. Several actions in Super Mario Galaxy are not strictly tied to button inputs and are instead performed by shaking, tilting, or rotating the remote. The game's camera organically pans across levels, but the player can manually angle it with . Pressing centers the camera behind Mario and pressing enters a first-person perspective.

There are scenarios in the game that change what button inputs do. In some missions, Mario rides on top of a Rolling Ball, surfs on the back of a manta ray, or travels through the air in a giant bubble. Power-ups change his appearance and give him a unique set of abilities in place of his usual ones (see below). While in water, Mario can swim. Pressing makes him dive. Pressing makes Mario perform a breaststroke, propelling him forward.

Artwork of Mario spinning.

Pointing the Wii Remote at the screen makes an on-screen reticle appear called the Star Pointer. It gives the player a way to engage with the game that is not tied to Mario. Passively moving the Star Pointer over Star Bits, small colorful items, automatically collects them. Pressing fires a Star Bit from the pointer. There are non-playable characters called Hungry Lumas that transform into new levels when shot at with Star Bits - their source of food. Most enemies become dazed when shot by a Star Bit. Mario kicks a stunned enemy just by making contact with it, defeating it and releasing collectible Star Bits.

Mario's health is represented by a three-segmented life meter. Receiving damage removes one section, and losing all makes him lose a life. Collecting a Life Mushroom replenishes any lost health and adds a second health meter, giving Mario a total of six bars. If Mario is reduced to three bars again, the second meter permanently disappears and the effect of the Life Mushroom is lost. He does not take damage by falling from high areas, a departure from proceeding 3D games. While underwater, he gains an air meter that decreases and starts to deplete Mario's normal life meter when it hits zero.

Most levels are clusters of small planetary bodies with their own centers of gravity, causing Mario to organically bend around them as he moves or jumps. Not all planetary bodies are spherical, but they at least have rounded edges to compliment the concept.^:12 Planets with sharp edges only have one gravitational plane, like the courses in Super Mario 64 and Super Mario Sunshine. Mario will fall and lose a life if he jumps off the edges of these planets. Some planetoids are so close to each other that Mario can simply jump between them, but others are very distant. In most cases, he can reach them by using Launch Stars, yellow objects that fire Mario through the sky. The levels in the game can be accessed by domes scattered across the Comet Observatory, the game's hub world. For more detail on level structure, galaxies, and the hub, see "Locations" below.

Co-Star Mode

The game has a multiplayer mode called Co-Star Mode. Connecting a second Wii Remote allows another player (P2) to join in and assist the first one (P1) by controlling a second Star Pointer. There are a number of actions that are available only to the second player. When Co-Star Mode is active, "1P" appears below Player 1's Star Pointer, and "2P" appears below Player 2's Star Pointer to help differentiate between them. Like the first player, P2 can collect Star Bits and fire them at enemies to briefly stun them. When P2 directs their Star Pointer at Mario and presses , he performs a unique action called the Co-Star Super Jump. Combining both jump techniques can make Mario jump higher than when controlled with only one controller. This works in midair, but it can be done only once before the player touches a horizontal surface.

Luigi

Luigi about to race against Cosmic Luigi in Freezeflame Galaxy.

Completing "The Fate of the Universe" after 120 Power Stars have been collected allows the player to replay the entire game as Mario's brother, Luigi, who otherwise appears as a non-playable character that assists Mario. Luigi can jump higher than him but has worse traction, making him skid. He also runs slightly faster than Mario but takes longer to reach top speed. Luigi loses air faster while underwater and loses a chunk of air every time he spins underwater. Cosmic Luigi, one of the rival characters, is more challenging than Cosmic Mario, and Luigi receives twenty 1-Up Mushrooms from Princess Peach instead of Mario's usual five (although if Luigi's life counter is too high, he only receives five). Outside of these changes, the storyline is almost completely unchanged and even includes the original NPC Luigi, who will now react with confusion at seeing a copy of himself (although his height is marginally different). When the player collects 120 Power Stars and replays "The Fate of the Universe", Grand Finale Galaxy becomes available for both Mario and Luigi, allowing the 121st Power Star to be collected by each of them.

This mode is referred to by Rosalina as "another world". In the Japanese version, she describes it as the world where Mario may come across his alternate self who is not him.

Controls

When playing on a Wii or Wii U console by oneself (P1), the game requires one to use the Wii Remote attached to the Nunchuk. If the player attempts to access the game without the Nunchuk attached, it will prompt the player to do so before proceeding. One will not be able to access the rest of the game unless they do so. In Co-Star Mode, the second player (P2) is not required to have the Nunchuk attached to their Wii Remote but it still must be held vertically.

The controller for the Nvidia Shield TV has a more conventional layout, cannot display a pointer on screen, and lacks the same motion-sensing capabilities of the Wii Remote. To compensate, actions that originally involved shaking the Wii Remote are performed by pressing the X button. Actions involving the Star Pointer are instead performed with the right analog stick. In Co-Star Mode, both analog sticks can be used to control the Star Pointer. The original tilt controls in the game is also replaced by the regular left analog stick control.

For the control scheme of the iteration included in Super Mario 3D All-Stars for Nintendo Switch systems, shared with the 2025 Nintendo Switch remaster, see Super Mario 3D All-Stars § Super Mario Galaxy.

Action(s)	Input(s)
	Wii Remote + Nunchuk	Nvidia Shield controller
Mario and Luigi controls
Move
Spin, engage object, throw item, skate, climb Sproutle Vine	Shake
Kick	Make contact with stunned enemy
Jump, speak, read, swim
Double jump	when making contact with the ground while moving (repeat twice)	when making contact with the ground while moving (repeat twice)
Triple jump	when making contact with the ground while moving (repeat thrice)	when making contact with the ground while moving (repeat thrice)
Backward somersault	+	+
Wall jump	against a wall	against a wall
Side somersault	(in reverse direction) +	(in reverse direction) +
Long jump	+ while running	+ while running
Spin jump	Shake in midair	in midair
Ground pound	in midair	in midair
Homing ground pound	Shake + in midair	+ in midair
Grab or release pole	alongside a pole	alongside a pole
Crouch, dive underwater
Crawl	+	+
Sweep kick	+ shake	+
Move camera
Enter first-person view
Reset camera
Rolling Ball
Move	Tilt (upright)
Jump
Ray surfing
Accelerate
Turn	Tilt
Jump	Shake
Power-up controls
Hover in Bee form	Hold	Hold
Float in Boo form
Phase through walls in Boo form	Shake
Toss fireball in Fire form	Shake
Bounce in Spring form	when colliding with the ground	when colliding with the ground
Takeoff or ground in Flying form	Shake
Change direction in Flying form	while in flight	while in flight
Star Pointer controls
Collect a Star Bit	Move over a Star Bit	Move over a Star Bit
Shoot a Star Bit	+	+ /
Rapidly shoot Star Bits	+ hold	+ hold /
Enter a Pull Star, blow air to direct bubble (P1 only)	+ hold	+ hold /
Fire cannon (P1 only)	+	+ /
Fire from Sling Pod (P1 only)	Hold + pull back with → release	Hold / + pull back with → release /
Stop an enemy (P2 only)	Move over an enemy + hold /	Move over an enemy + hold /
Make Mario jump (P2 only)	Move over Mario +	Move over Mario + /
Make Mario spin (P2 only)	Move over Mario while he is midair +	Move over Mario while he is midair + /
Make Mario do a powerful jump (P2 only)	Move over Mario + while P1 presses	Move over Mario + while P1 presses /
Change cursor speed		Hold
Menu controls
Navigate menu
Confirm command
Cancel command
Select galaxy
Display HOME menu
Display pause menu	/	/

Locations

Setting

Key artwork of outer space as presented on the game's boxart.

Rosalina netting Star Bits as she rides in a starship.

Super Mario Galaxy is set in outer space. With the exception of Grand Finale Galaxy, which is Princess Peach's Castle Gardens in the Mushroom Kingdom, all levels, which are referred to in the game as "galaxies", are staged on worlds far removed from Mario's home planet. This is the first entry in the series to explicitly include an outer space setting since the Space Zone in Super Mario Land 2 - 6 Golden Coins (1992) and the first time it has been realized by Nintendo EAD, the studio responsible for most of the preceding Super Mario games.

A galaxy is an isolated cluster of small planets and other planetary bodies. Some planets are shaped like spheres, but many are not. Most have their own gravitational pull, which lets Mario return to his starting position by continuing to move forward and prevents him from falling off the edge. Mario's movement, physics, and trajectory bend organically around a planet's shape. Because they have their own pull, Mario can directly travel between sufficiently close planets just by jumping. More distant planets are reached by using objects such as Launch Stars and Pull Stars. Not all planets pull Mario inwards. When inside a planet, gravity may be inverted so that Mario walks on the underside of the ground. Many other planets are shaped like the more traditional courses of Super Mario 64 and Super Mario Sunshine, and thus have only one gravitational plane, which is communicated by sharp edges and steep drops along their sides. In contrast, planets that have their own gravity, even if they are not spheres, have rounded edges. Some planets are on 2D planes and Mario's movement options are restricted accordingly (i.e. the player cannot tilt down to make him walk toward the camera and fall off the side). Gravity fields occur in the 2D sections of five galaxies that shift the direction of gravity from the floor to another plane.

The theme of space is communicated in various ways throughout Super Mario Galaxy. Many galaxies include distant asteroid belts or views of massive, unreachable planets orbiting suns that peek over their horizons. Depending on the distance from the game's camera, the light from a visible sun retracts, mimicking the behavior of real sunlight. The skyboxes of the galaxies feature nebulas, auroras, and starry skies. Three-dimensional objects, including Mario himself, exhibit a soft Fresnel-like glow in certain positions as if struck by the light from distant stars. In many galaxies, black holes are present in place of bottomless pits. Super Mario Galaxy includes some motifs associated with science fiction, such as humanoid robots, fortified battle facilities, UFOs, starships, an orchestrated soundtrack, and theremin-like synthesizers. Much of the game's setting includes whimsical, tranquil, and surreal elements comparable to those found in children's books. Locations are reached via a palace-like starship called the Comet Observatory, the game's hub world. It is overseen by a princess named Rosalina and is a nursery for spacefaring star children called Lumas. In lieu of aliens, the people found living in the galaxies include Star Bunnies, Honeybees, and penguins. Star Bits, small collectibles that fall from the sky like shooting stars, resemble konpeitō candies and can be fed to the Lumas. There are planets and entire galaxies that look like desserts.

According to director Yoshiaki Koizumi, the primary goal behind Super Mario Galaxy was to create a Super Mario game with spherical worlds. It was thought that these worlds would make it less likely for players to get disoriented or have to reposition the camera. These were issues he observed during the development of Super Mario 64, The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (1998), and Super Mario Sunshine that prevented complete immersion and intimidated inexperienced players. The decision to stage the game in outer space was made because the development team thought that the spherical worlds would most intuitively make sense as planets. In 2017, a figure was released by Nintendo that conveys that Super Mario Galaxy is structurally viewed as a different type of 3D Super Mario game from its immediate predecessors – the "sandbox-style" games Super Mario 64 and Super Mario Sunshine. Nintendo aligns it with the succeeding games Super Mario Galaxy 2 (2010), Super Mario 3D Land (2011), and Super Mario 3D World (2013) as a more linear, "course clear-style" game. However, many of the levels in Super Mario Galaxy are structured similarly to the ones in its predecessors, particularly in the robust six-mission galaxies and the large planets that do not have their own centers of gravity. The principles of the sandbox-style games derive from hakoniwa, or "box gardens", and Koizumi directly cites them as an influence behind the worlds in Super Mario Galaxy as well.

Galaxies

Overview

Main article: Galaxy

Top row: the exterior of the Terrace dome on the Comet Observatory (left) and a display of the galaxy-selection screen within it (right).
Bottom row: a figure of the Terrace's galaxies conveying their positioning from the Pull Star; how they are accessed; the correlations involving their distance from the Pull Star; and the three different types of galaxies within domes. These attributes generally are representative of all domes in the game.

Galaxies are accessed inside of domes on the Comet Observatory. They are spatially distributed across the hub, similar to the access points for levels in Super Mario 64 and Super Mario Sunshine. However, with the exception of the Garden, each dome contains a set of five different galaxies instead of just one dedicated course. Domes are unlocked unilaterally as the player completes certain criteria. These make the domes analogous to the worlds of the 2D Super Mario games like Super Mario Bros. 3 (1988). However, as in its 3D predecessors, the player is not restricted to linear course progression in Super Mario Galaxy.

Each galaxy contains objectives referred to as missions. Completing a mission has Mario acquire one of the galaxy's Power Stars, the same tokens used in Super Mario 64 for unlocking levels. One mission correlates with one Power Star. The start of each mission has a brief cinematic preview of the galaxy that hints at the location of the Power Star, as was similarly done in Super Mario Sunshine. Once a specified number of Power Stars has been accumulated, a new galaxy becomes unlockable at the player's discretion. Only half of the Power Stars in the game are required for progression. The minimum number of Power Stars needed to access the game's final level is 60 out of the game's total of 120. Consequently, completing as many missions as possible within one dome can result in all of the galaxies within the next dome being immediately unlockable upon entry.

At the center of every dome is a Pull Star that, upon being entered, brings Mario to an interactive selection screen of all the dome's galaxies, which all orbit around the Pull Star (the origin; see right). The display is directly comparable to models of solar systems, with each galaxy following a circular trajectory around the Pull Star. The distance of these orbital lines from the Pull Star has a positive correlation with the number of Power Stars required to unlock the galaxies and a negative correlation with the number of missions available within them. As such, the galaxies closest to the origin typically have the greatest number of missions and require the lowest number of Power Stars to unlock, while the galaxies furthest from the origin contain the fewest missions and require the highest number of Power Stars to unlock. Using the Terrace as an example, a dome contains three different types of galaxies:

• "Robust galaxies" that contain at least six missions. They either feature a high number of visitable planets or a small selection of large ones to explore. The missions build off of each other environmentally or narratively, meaning that the events that occur in one mission foreshadow the events of the subsequent mission. Two or more of the six missions typically involve a boss battle. Most domes contain two or three of these galaxies, and they are all listed together on the first page of the in-game Star List. They are the only galaxies orbited by Prankster Comets. The robust galaxies of the Terrace are Good Egg Galaxy and Honeyhive Galaxy.
• "Mystery galaxies" that each contain one mission. Before being unlocked, they are represented by course preview models shaped like ? Blocks. These galaxies are highly distinctive in theme and mission. Some of them entail minigames like ray surfing or ball rolling. Others are athletic obstacle courses. Mystery galaxies usually require completing a certain mission in another galaxy in addition to accumulating a specific number of Power Stars to unlock. Each dome contains one or two mystery galaxies. In the Terrace, they are Loopdeeloop Galaxy and Flipswitch Galaxy.
• Bowser's Strongholds that each contain one mission. They have tilted orbits and feature linear obstacle courses that lead to a boss battle. Half of them involve Bowser Jr., either directly or as the inciter for another boss (such as Megaleg or King Kaliente). The other half of them feature Bowser himself. With the exception of the Garden, each dome contains one stronghold and it is always on the dome's outermost ring. These galaxies have the highest or second-highest Power Star threshold, and completing the mission in these galaxies is a criterion needed to unlock a subsequent dome and is required for game progression. The preview model in orbit resembles a bust of Bowser's head with glowing eyes. Bowser's Stronghold in the Terrace is Bowser Jr.'s Robot Reactor.

A Hungry Luma outside the Terrace, almost completely stuffed with Star Bits. Feeding it the requested number of Star Bits makes the Luma transform into a wholly new galaxy.

Certain galaxies can be accessed outside of the domes. With the exception of Gateway Galaxy, these ones can also be categorized as mystery galaxies or Bowser's Strongholds. Most of them are unlocked by feeding Hungry Lumas a requested number of Star Bits. These Lumas appear on the Comet Observatory once certain criteria are met within the dome galaxies (as seen in the chart below). There is a Hungry Luma associated with every dome, essentially functioning as an extra level for each one. A tiny house called the Gate rests on a grassy platform orbiting the observatory. It grants Mario access to Gateway Galaxy. This galaxy is the first level of the game, but it can only be revisited via the Gate once "King Kaliente's Spicy Return" is completed. Though it is not a dome, there is a Hungry Luma associated with it as well. A planetoid called the Planet of Trials orbits the observatory and has three galaxies of its own. It becomes reachable once all three of the secret Green Power Stars have been collected. A Launch Star leading to Grand Finale Galaxy appears here after the player has collected 120 Power Stars as both Mario and Luigi. Bowser's Galaxy Reactor is only reachable by speaking to Rosalina after 60 Power Stars have been collected.

Mario encounters his brother in four galaxies: Good Egg Galaxy, Honeyhive Galaxy, Battlerock Galaxy, and Ghostly Galaxy. In Ghostly Galaxy, Luigi is at the end of the mission "Luigi and the Haunted Mansion" and gives Mario a Power Star when reached. After Luigi is rescued, he appears in the observatory and offers to help Mario collect Power Stars. Whenever Luigi visits a galaxy, he gets stuck and sends a letter to Mario asking for help, with each letter including a picture that hints at his location. Finding him within a galaxy awards Mario with a secret Power Star.

Table

There are 42 dedicated galaxies in the game. Of this total, 15 are robust galaxies, 20 are mystery galaxies, and 6 are Bowser's Strongholds. If the Comet Observatory, its library, and its domes are considered individual levels, then the true total number is 50. Some galaxies have tiny otherworldly subareas reached via pipes that contain an interactive side objective. If each of these areas were to be considered levels as well, then the true number is even higher. The table below lists the galaxies of the game roughly as they are listed on the Star List. Each galaxy is given a brief description, an in-game screenshot, and a list of their missions. There is a legend at the bottom of the table detailing what the symbols used in it represent.

Galaxies
The Terrace
01. Good Egg Galaxy ×6 ×19 ×3	Missions
	Dino Piranha	A Snack of Cosmic Proportions
	King Kaliente's Battle Fleet	Dino Piranha Speed Run
	Purple Coin Omelet	Luigi on the Roof
A galaxy in low orbit of an earth-like planet. Each planet is highly distinctive, but most of them have grassy knolls and are shaped like food. It introduces the reoccurring Electrogoombas, Dino Piranha, and King Kaliente. Unlock criterion: complete "Grand Star Rescue"
02. Honeyhive Galaxy ×6 ×7 ×2	Missions
	Bee Mario Takes Flight	Trouble on the Tower
	Big Bad Bugaboom	Honeyhive Cosmic Mario Race
	The Honeyhive's Purple Coins	Luigi in the Honeyhive Kingdom
The Honeyhive Kingdom – a forested galaxy inhabited by Honeybees. Its planets have large trees and clear bodies of water. Some areas are covered in honey. The kingdom is invaded by Mandibugs. Unlock criterion: collect 3 Power Stars
03. Loopdeeloop Galaxy ×1 ×3	Mission
	Surfing 101
A looping stretch of water. Penguins surf on the backs of rays here. Coach explains the basics to Mario. Unlock criterion: collect 5 Power Stars
04. Flipswitch Galaxy ×1 ×1	Mission
	Painting the Planet Yellow
Flipswitch Panels arranged like a cube around a black hole. Spikes move along suspended tracks over the panels. Unlock criterion: collect 7 Power Stars
05. Bowser Jr.'s Robot Reactor ×1 ×2 ×1	Mission
	Megaleg's Moon
A metal sphere with Bill Blasters and an artificial moon orbiting an earth-like planet. Bowser Jr.'s robot, Megaleg, is on the moon. Unlock criterion: collect 8 Power Stars
Sweet Sweet Galaxy ×1 ×3	Mission
	Rocky Road
An athletic course made of cakes, cookies, and other sweets. It has long stretches of continuously moving platforms with shapes cut out of them. Unlock criteria: complete "Trouble on the Tower" and feed the Hungry Luma 400 Star Bits
The Fountain
06. Space Junk Galaxy ×6 ×16 ×2	Missions
	Pull Star Path	Kamella's Airship Attack
	Tarantox's Tangled Web	Pull Star Path Speed Run
	Purple Coin Spacewalk	Yoshi's Unexpected Appearance
A stretch of rocks and space debris. Large portions of the galaxy are navigated via Pull Stars and Sling Pods. A giant spider lives here and traps members of the Toad Brigade in its web. Unlock criteria: collect 9 Power Stars and complete "Megaleg's Moon"
07. Rolling Green Galaxy ×1 ×4	Mission
	Rolling in the Clouds
Flat, grassy planets arranged like a golf course. They can only be navigated by riding the Rolling Ball. Most planets have flowerbeds and groups of Goombas. Unlock criterion: collect 11 Power Stars
08. Battlerock Galaxy ×7 ×11 ×2	Missions
	Battlerock Barrage	Breaking into the Battlerock
	Topmaniac and the Topman Tribe	Topmaniac's Daredevil Run
	Purple Coins on the Battlerock	Battlerock's Garbage Dump
	Luigi under the Saucer
A battle facility equipped with electric traps and artilleries. Cannons and Bill Blasters line the Battlerock and start firing when Mario is in close proximity. The galaxy introduces the Topman Tribe. Unlock criterion: collect 12 Power Stars
09. Hurry-Scurry Galaxy ×1 ×2	Mission
	Shrinking Satellite
Shrinking platforms arranged into a rhombicuboctahedron. A black hole is at the center of the planet. Notes cover the tiles. Collecting each one causes the black hole to disappear. Unlock criterion: collect 18 Power Stars
10. Bowser's Star Reactor ×1 ×4 ×1	Mission
	The Fiery Stronghold
A stone fortress orbiting a giant sun. It features a twisting path and gravity fields. Fire Bars and Thwomps obstruct the path. It feeds into a big staircase leading to Bowser. Unlock criterion: collect 15 Power Stars
Sling Pod Galaxy ×1 ×2	Mission
	A Very Sticky Situation
A cluster of Fire Bars, Space Mines, and cannons above a black hole. The galaxy is only traversable with Sling Pods. Unlock criteria: complete "Tarantox's Tangled Web" and feed the Hungry Luma 400 Star Bits
The Kitchen
11. Beach Bowl Galaxy ×6 ×3	Missions
	Sunken Treasure	Passing the Swim Test
	The Secret Undersea Cavern	Fast Foes on the Cyclone Stone
	Beachcombing for Purple Coins	Wall Jumping up Waterfalls
A beach galaxy inhabited by penguins. Its largest planet is a hemisphere filled with water. The second is an obstacle course with Thwomps and Tox Boxes. A third, secret planet has waterfalls and Cataquacks. Unlock criteria: collect 16 Power Stars and complete "The Fiery Stronghold"
12. Bubble Breeze Galaxy ×1 ×2	Mission
	Through the Poison Swamp
One giant planet covered in toxic sludge. Areas are separated by stone columns. It can only be navigated in a bubble. Space Mines and rotating objects within the areas can pop the bubble. Unlock criterion: collect 19 Power Stars
13. Ghostly Galaxy ×6 ×12 ×2	Missions
	Luigi and the Haunted Mansion	A Very Spooky Sprint
	Beware of Bouldergeist	Bouldergeist's Daredevil Run
	Purple Coins in the Bone Pen	Matter Splatter Mansion
Haunted planets orbiting a dimly-lit sun. Luigi is held captive in the largest planet, a haunted mansion. The ghost that captured him lives in this galaxy. Unlock criterion: collect 20 Power Stars
14. Buoy Base Galaxy ×2 ×2	Missions
	The Floating Fortress	The Secret of Buoy Base
Two planets filled with water. Its largest planet is a hemisphere with a fortress at its center. It is equipped with rotating platforms, Water Shooters, and other hazards. The second is a sphere equipped with Ball Beamers. Unlock criteria: collect 30 Power Stars and complete "Sunken Treasure"
15. Bowser Jr.'s Airship Armada ×1 ×4 ×1	Mission
	Sinking the Airships
Bowser's airship fleet. Airships must be boarded to navigate the fleet, each one carrying enemies. A lift brings Mario to Bowser Jr. A tiny planetoid can be visited that has a bouncy surface. Unlock criterion: collect 23 Power Stars
Drip Drop Galaxy ×1 ×1	Mission
	Giant Eel Outbreak
An ocean planet where penguins swim. The birds are troubled by Gringills. A sunken ship and damaged Starshroom rest at the bottom of the ocean. Unlock criteria: complete "Sunken Treasure" and feed the Hungry Luma 600 Star Bits
The Bedroom
16. Gusty Garden Galaxy ×6 ×20 ×2	Missions
	Bunnies in the Wind	The Dirty Tricks of Major Burrows
	Gusty Garden's Gravity Scramble	Major Burrows's Daredevil Run
	Purple Coins on the Puzzle Cube	The Golden Chomp
Flowery planets above a sea of clouds. Floaty Fluffs grow here: they can be used to travel on gusts of wind to reach other planets. Star Bunnies live in this galaxy and grow flowers. They are chased by Undergrunts. Unlock criteria: collect 24 Power Stars and complete "Sinking the Airships"
17. Freezeflame Galaxy ×6 ×5 ×1	Missions
	The Frozen Peak of Baron Brrr	Freezeflame's Blistering Core
	Hot and Cold Collide	Frosty Cosmic Mario Race
	Purple Coins on the Summit	Conquering the Summit
A galaxy with cold and hot planets. The cold planet features Freezy Peak, a snowy mountain with freezing water at its base. The hot planet is a molten sphere split in half. Stone platforms enable traversal between the two halves. Unlock criterion: collect 26 Power Stars
18. Dusty Dune Galaxy ×7 ×14	Missions
	Soaring on the Desert Winds	Blasting through the Sand
	Sunbaked Sand Castle	Sandblast Speed Run
	Purple Coins in the Desert	Bullet Bill on Your Back
	Treasure of the Pyramid
Sandy planets under a desert sun. Shifting and rising sand makes platforms move rapidly or sink underground. One planet is a floating pyramid that can be entered, and some are covered in quicksand. Unlock criterion: collect 29 Power Stars
19. Honeyclimb Galaxy ×1 ×3	Mission
	Scaling the Sticky Wall
Giant slabs of honeycombs. The Bee Mushroom appears here. Meteors and Mandibugs appear as hazards. Unlock criterion: collect 42 Power Stars
20. Bowser's Dark Matter Plant ×1 ×5 ×1	Mission
	Darkness on the Horizon
A dark world containing a trap-filled obstacle course. It features gravity fields and concentrations of dark matter. Most of the course is on a two-dimensional plane. The course leads to Bowser. Unlock criterion: collect 33 Power Stars
Bigmouth Galaxy ×1 ×1	Mission
	Bigmouth's Gold Bait
A giant stone fish orbiting a massive ocean planet. The belly of the fish contains two lakes, whirlpools, beds of seaweed, and Boos. Penguru comes here when he wants to be alone. Unlock criteria: complete "Soaring on the Desert Winds" and feed the Hungry Luma 800 Star Bits
The Engine Room
21. Gold Leaf Galaxy ×6 ×6 ×1	Missions
	Star Bunnies on the Hunt	Cataquack to the Skies
	When It Rains, It Pours	Cosmic Mario Forest Race
	Purple Coins in the Woods	The Bell on the Big Tree
Wooded planets inhabited by Honeybees. Its largest planet mirrors the Honeyhive Kingdom. Cataquacks live on the surrounding wooden planets. Unlock criteria: collect 34 Power Stars and complete "Darkness on the Horizon"
22. Sea Slide Galaxy ×6 ×3	Missions
	Going after Guppy	Faster Than a Speeding Penguin
	The Silver Stars of Sea Slide	Underwater Cosmic Mario Race
	Purple Coins by the Seaside	Hurry, He's Hungry
An ocean galaxy with penguins. Its largest planet is a cavernous sphere with a looping stretch of water feeding through it. There is a teardrop-shaped planet with tidal pools at the galaxy's center. Unlock criterion: collect 36 Power Stars
23. Toy Time Galaxy ×6 ×14 ×1	Missions
	Heavy Metal Mecha-Bowser	Mario Meets Mario
	Bouncing Down Cake Lane	Fast Foes of Toy Time
	Luigi's Purple Coins	The Flipswitch Chain
A playroom galaxy. Its planets are shaped like wooden blocks, puzzle pieces, colored pencils, and model trains. Some areas resemble cakes and other sweets. The galaxy is maintained by Gearmos, some of which are trapped within a giant robot. Unlock criterion: collect 40 Power Stars
24. Bonefin Galaxy ×1 ×2 ×1	Mission
	Kingfin's Fearsome Waters
A cavernous planet with conical mountains. Beneath its surface is an ocean with hydrothermal vents. The shark Kingfin swims here. Unlock criteria: collect 55 Power Stars and complete "Giant Eel Outbreak"
25. Bowser Jr.'s Lava Reactor ×1 ×3 ×1	Mission
	King Kaliente's Spicy Return
A lava planet that looks like a red giant. Metal platforms dot the planet's surface. They sink into the lava when stepped on. King Kaliente is in the northern pole of the planet. A rocky planetoid orbits the lava planet. Unlock criterion: collect 45 Power Stars
Sand Spiral Galaxy ×1 ×4	Mission
	Choosing a Favorite Snack
A galaxy with several power-ups. Its biggest planet is a giant barrel filled with Boos and quicksand. A glowing moon orbited by rocky paths lies at the back of the barrel. Its starting planet is a damaged airship. Unlock criteria: complete "Luigi and the Haunted Mansion", "Faster Than a Speeding Penguin", and feed the Hungry Luma 1000 Star Bits
The Garden
26. Deep Dark Galaxy ×6 ×6 ×3	Missions
	The Underground Ghost Ship	Bubble Blastoff
	Guppy and the Underground Lake	Ghost Ship Daredevil Run
	Plunder the Purple Coins	Boo in a Box
A galaxy of strange planets. Its largest has a rocky beach with an underwater lake and a wrecked airship. Other planets include a replica of Gateway Galaxy and a hollow sphere containing a watermelon. Unlock criteria: collect 46 Power Stars and complete "King Kaliente's Spicy Return"
27. Dreadnought Galaxy ×6 ×15 ×2	Missions
	Infiltrating the Dreadnought	Dreadnought's Colossal Cannons
	Revenge of the Topman Tribe	Topman Tribe Speed Run
	Battlestation's Purple Coins	Dreadnought's Garbage Dump
Topman facilities. Its largest planet is a dreadnought equipped with cannons. Its interior contains gravity fields. A large landing strip mounted with Pulse Beams and smaller planetoids surround the dreadnought. Unlock criterion: collect 48 Power Stars
28. Matter Splatter Galaxy ×1 ×4	Mission
	Watch Your Step
Stone ruins within a dark void. The ruins materialize and become tangible when struck by bouncing droplets of matter. Contact is accompanied by a flash of green light. Unlock criteria: collect 50 Power Stars and complete "Heavy Metal Mecha-Bowser"
29. Melty Molten Galaxy ×6 ×14 ×1	Missions
	The Sinking Lava Spire	Through the Meteor Storm
	Fiery Dino Piranha	Lava Spire Daredevil Run
	Red-Hot Purple Coins	Burning Tide
Several sun-like planets covered in lava. Plumes of lava travels between pools and suns at various sites. One planet has a sinking mountain called the Lava Spire, and another has a path for the Rolling Ball. Unlock criterion: collect 52 Power Stars
Snow Cap Galaxy ×1 ×2	Mission
	Star Bunnies in the Snow
A capsule-shaped planet covered in light snow. The snow can be removed with the Star Pointer. Star Bunnies live here. The starting area is a planetoid resembling a glass orb. Unlock criterion: complete "The Sinking Lava Spire" and feed the Hungry Luma 1600 Star Bits
The Comet Observatory and the Gate
30. Gateway Galaxy ×2 ×4	Missions
	Grand Star Rescue	Gateway's Purple Coins
The first course of the game. Its starting planet is an ethereal sphere covered in flowers and small cottages. This sphere orbits Mario's homeworld and is frequented by Rosalina. A hollow planetoid and artificial planets covered with Goombas appear in "Grand Star Rescue". Unlock criteria: complete the prologue (first visit); complete "King Kaliente's Spicy Return" (revisit)
31. Bowser's Galaxy Reactor ×1 ×10 ×1	Mission
	The Fate of the Universe
Bowser's galaxy generator at the center of the universe. It contains a series of gravity-bending traps and a system of environmental planets: one covered in lava; one in ice; and one in quicksand. It orbits a large sun. Unlock criteria: collect 60 Power Stars and complete "Darkness on the Horizon"
Boo's Boneyard Galaxy ×1 ×2	Mission
	Racing the Spooky Speedster
A skull-shaped planet in a starless sky. Its interior is a network of interconnected caverns navigated by the Spooky Speedster. Unlock criteria: complete "Luigi and the Haunted Mansion", "Gateway's Purple Coins", and feed the Hungry Luma 1200 Star Bits
Planet of Trials
Rolling Gizmo Galaxy ×1 ×4	Mission
	Gizmos, Gears, and Gadgets
One of the Trial Galaxies. It is a Rolling Ball course similar to Rolling Green Galaxy, but it resembles a Rube Goldberg machine with many shifting platforms. Unlock criterion: collect all 3 Green Power Stars
Bubble Blast Galaxy ×1 ×2	Mission
	The Electric Labyrinth
Another Trial Galaxy, this one navigated via bubble. It is similar to Bubble Breeze Galaxy, but involves navigating a maze bordered by electric fields that destroy the bubble on impact. Unlock criterion: collect all 3 Green Power Stars
Loopdeeswoop Galaxy ×1 ×6	Mission
	The Galaxy's Greatest Wave
A Trial Galaxy similar to Loopdeeloop Galaxy, where Ray is surfed along a watery course. This course has sharper turns, spikes, and twists that makes it more challenging than its predecessor in the Terrace. Unlock criterion: collect all 3 Green Power Stars
Grand Finale Galaxy ×1 ×1	Mission
	The Star Festival
Princess Peach's Castle Gardens in the Mushroom Kingdom. A small village of Toads and a large lake flank the road to the castle. The locals are in the midst of celebrating the Star Festival. Unlock criteria: begin a new save file (first visit); collect 120 Power Stars as Luigi (revisit)
Table information and legend: Galaxies accessed from inside a dome are designated with a number that correlates with the galaxy's distance from its dome's origin. It roughly correlates with their order on the Star List. Galaxies accessed by feeding Hungry Lumas are not located within domes and are denoted with . Trial Galaxies lack numerical designation because they are unlocked concurrently and can be accessed in any order. Three symbols convey attributes about each galaxy: denotes the total number of obtainable Power Stars; denotes the total number of reachable planets and/or areas; and denotes the number of boss battles. The name of each mission is accompanied by a star symbol indicating the type of mission it is and the type of Power Star obtained.

Prankster Comets

Main article: Prankster Comet

Prankster Comets are objects that interfere with a galaxy by either altering its attributes or giving it a new one. All 30 of the Comet Stars are obtained by completing special missions in the robust galaxies, namely speed runs, in which the Power Star must be reached within a given time limit; "daredevil" runs, in which Mario is defeated if he takes a single hit; races against Cosmic Mario; and missions in which the speed of enemies and obstacles is doubled. These only appear after the corresponding normal mission (e.g. Ghostly Galaxy's "Beware of Bouldergeist") is completed, either immediately or at a later point in the game. In some cases, such as in Space Junk Galaxy, all normal missions within a galaxy must first be completed before a comet can appear. Prankster Comets appear and disappear every other time a mission is completed, meaning that if a mission is completed while a Prankster Comet is active, all Prankster Comets disappear until a second mission is beaten. There are two Prankster Comets in each of the 15 robust galaxies: one of the comet types just described, plus a Purple Comet where Mario must collect 100 Purple Coins. These comets only begin to appear after "The Fate of the Universe" is completed at least once. The location and selection of Prankster Comets that appear can be manipulated by feeding Comet Luma 20 Star Bits.

The Comet Observatory

Main article: Comet Observatory

The Comet Observatory as viewed from a circular platform by the Bedroom.

The Comet Observatory is the hub world of the game. It is a bridge between domes and serves as a place for the player to rest in between missions. It is a sprawling structure similar to a palace, with a tall central spire and ornamental architecture. These attributes visually make it reminiscent of Peach's Castle, the hub of Super Mario 64. The core of the observatory is a comet called the beacon that is fueled by Power Stars. The beacon is what allows the Comet Observatory to travel through space, but it remains in orbit around Mario's home planet throughout most of the game. The observatory has two extraplanetary satellites: the Planet of Trials and a grassy platform that holds the Gate. The platform is directly anchored to the observatory via Warp Pads, unlike the Planet of Trials.

Including Gateway Galaxy, there are nine galaxies that can be directly accessed from the Comet Observatory, six of which come from the Hungry Lumas affiliated with each dome. Unlike the hub worlds of Super Mario Galaxy's predecessors, there are no hidden Power Stars directly found on the observatory, though accessing the Planet of Trials, entering the Gate, and the arrival of Hungry Lumas are framed similarly. Five 1-Up Mushrooms are hidden in the observatory. Most of the observatory is obscured by darkness when Mario first arrives due to the abduction of its Power Stars, leaving the Terrace as the only accessible room. As Mario collects Power Stars, energy is restored to the observatory and new areas become lit to convey that they are now accessible. Throughout the Comet Observatory are several Warp Pads, which can be used to quickly reach adjacent locations on the hub. A Red Star appears above the Bedroom once Mario completes "Gateway's Purple Coins". Touching it transforms him into Flying Mario and allows him to freely soar through the skies of the observatory. Mario cannot take damage while on the observatory and is safely returned to solid ground if he falls off its edge.

Frame from the introductory cutscene that plays when Mario enters the library after a new chapter has been unlocked.

The Comet Observatory is a nursery ground for Lumas, who are cared for by Rosalina as if they were her children. As light is restored to the observatory, more and more Lumas appear. The Comet Observatory was built by Rosalina during her childhood with an apricot-colored Luma. Over time, as more Lumas arrived and needed care, she expanded its size. The Comet Observatory visits Mario's home world once every hundred years, which is celebrated in the Mushroom Kingdom as the Star Festival. When the beacon is at its maximum size, Rosalina can make the observatory fold into the shape of a rocket ship and soar through space like a comet. The domes are framed as an extension of the observatory that provide a view of the cosmos. Each one is themed around rooms in a house, such as a bedroom, kitchen, and so on. There are two locations similar in concept that are not domes on the observatory: the garage and the library. The garage is framed as an intergalactic repair shop that starships can dock to. This is where the Toad Brigade and Luigi establish themselves once "Bee Mario Takes Flight" and "Luigi and the Haunted Mansion", respectively, are completed.

The library is a closed off space behind the beacon that becomes accessible once "The Fiery Stronghold" is completed. Although it is entered like a dome, the library does not contain any galaxies or tangible incentives for visiting it, and as such, the player is never required to enter it. This is where Rosalina reads a storybook to the Lumas. New chapters become available as Mario collects more Power Stars. The book details her personal backstory, the history of the Comet Observatory, and provides insight into the past of the apricot Luma that travels with Mario. This part of the game was created by Yoshiaki Koizumi and included at the discretion of Shigeru Miyamoto. While Miyamoto considers complex narrative elements to be extraneous for a Super Mario game, Koizumi believes they help the player foster an emotional resonance with the game that keeps them motivated. In his view, the optional storybook chapters do this without burdening disinterested players, as well as contextualize the game's premise. Rosalina's Story is noted for its heartfelt and melancholy elements. The illustrations on the pages and narrative themes of the story have been likened to The Little Prince.

Characters

Playable characters

Name	Description
Mario	The game's protagonist. Princess Peach invites him to her castle to celebrate the Star Festival, but the celebration is cut short when Bowser arrives and kidnaps her. After a failed rescue attempt, Mario winds up on a tiny planet far from home. It is here that he meets an apricot-colored Luma and his caretaker - the mysterious Rosalina. With the Luma giving him the power to travel through space, Mario sets off to collect Power Stars, rescue Princess Peach, and stop Bowser from creating his galaxy at the center of the universe.
Luigi	Mario's younger twin brother. The player can replay the game as Luigi after they have collected 120 Power Stars and completed "The Fate of the Universe" as Mario. He can jump higher and run faster than Mario, but at the cost of poorer acceleration and traction. This causes Luigi to skid as he moves, thus increasing the risk of him falling off of a platform or colliding with an obstacle. In addition, the Spin Jump's height difference between shaking the Wii Remote and Nunchuk is switched. He otherwise appears as a supporting character who goes on quests to locate Power Stars for his brother. He still fulfills this supporting role during Luigi's playthrough, leading to a situation where there are two of them. Luigi can be quite cowardly and is afraid of ghosts.

Non-playable characters

With the exception of Princess Peach, Toads, and penguins, all of the characters encountered by the player are completely new to the Super Mario franchise. Most characters are met within galaxies, although Rosalina, the Toad Brigade, and the Lumas are found on the Comet Observatory. In addition to the characters listed below, Yoshi has a cameo in Space Junk Galaxy and can be set as the file select icon for the player's saved file. Miis can also be set as the file select icon, marking their first appearance in a Super Mario game.

Some non-playable characters can be spoken to by pressing while in close proximity, but many will share a brief line of dialogue when Mario is near without prompting. These lines appear as text boxes above their heads and do not inhibit the player's movements. Almost all characters can be jumped on or spun, and will react accordingly. However, this does not harm them or change how they interact with Mario. Some characters, such as Toads, seem to enjoy being spun.

Name	Description	Locations
Apricot Luma	Mario's traveling companion – a young Luma who resides under his cap. He grants Mario the ability to spin and travel through space. Before being kidnapped, Princess Peach intended to give this Luma to Mario as a gift during the Star Festival. It is implied that he is a reincarnation of the first Luma that Rosalina ever encountered.	All galaxies
Princess Peach	The ruler of the Mushroom Kingdom. She is kidnapped by Bowser on the night of the Star Festival and taken to the center of the universe, leading to Mario's quest to save her. She periodically sends letters of encouragement to Mario that contain five 1-Up Mushrooms. She sends letters containing twenty 1-Up Mushrooms during Luigi's playthrough, but they specifically remain addressed to Mario. Rosalina refers to Peach as Mario's "special one".	Castle Gardens, Bowser's Galaxy Reactor
Rosalina	A mysterious woman who serves as the guardian of the cosmos. She travels through space in the Comet Observatory, a vessel she built for the Lumas. It is abruptly stopped and stripped of its power source, the Power Stars, by Bowser, leaving it stranded in space. When she meets Mario, they make an arrangement where he will collect Power Stars to restore power to the observatory. In exchange, Rosalina will help him stop Bowser and rescue Princess Peach. Her past is revealed to the player via Rosalina's Storybook as they accumulate Power Stars. The Lumas recognize Rosalina as their mother, who in turn sees them as her family.	Comet Observatory, Gateway Galaxy
Lumas	Star children that make their home in the Comet Observatory. Lumas appear in some galaxies to aid Mario, typically by transforming into Launch Stars, Sling Stars, and Pull Stars. Lumas become celestial bodies when they grow up, and which ones they become is dependent on their color. Lumas eat Star Bits and squeal with delight when fed via the Star Pointer.	Comet Observatory, Good Egg Galaxy, Battlerock Galaxy, Bowser's Star Reactor, Bowser Jr.'s Airship Armada, Bowser's Dark Matter Plant, Gateway Galaxy, Dreadnought Galaxy, Bowser's Galaxy Reactor
Polari	An elderly Luma who serves as Rosalina's butler. He appears within each dome of the observatory and grants access to the map when prompted. He teaches the player how to use the Star Pointer.	Comet Observatory
Hungry Lumas	Big Lumas. The ones on the Comet Observatory transform into galaxies when fed a specified number of Star Bits. When encountered in dome galaxies, they transform into planets. Visiting them triggers a hidden mission.	Comet Observatory, Good Egg Galaxy, Space Junk Galaxy, Battlerock Galaxy, Dusty Dune Galaxy, Sea Slide Galaxy, Toy Time Galaxy, Melty Molten Galaxy
Lumalees	Big Lumas that run Luma Shops. One typically proceeds a boss encounter and transforms into a mushroom of choice in exchange for thirty Star Bits.	Battlerock Galaxy, Ghostly Galaxy, Bowser Jr.'s Airship Armada, Melty Molten Galaxy, Dreadnought Galaxy
Comet Luma [derived]	A Hungry Luma that is knowledgeable about Prankster Comets. It provides details on these comets to the player when prompted. Alternatively, it can shift where a Prankster Comet appears in exchange for twenty Star Bits.	Comet Observatory
Toads	Denizens of the Mushroom Kingdom. They are mushroom people that come in a variety of colors. Toads are celebrating the Star Festival when Peach is abducted. Pink-capped Toads in red dresses appear in the prologue that look like Toadette.	Castle Gardens, Grand Finale Galaxy
The Toad Brigade	A five-member team of Toads looking for Princess Peach. They travel through space in search of Power Stars aboard their Starshrooms, mushroom-shaped starships built for them by the Lumas. Outside of the red-capped leader and purple-capped mail carrier, the brigade contains three other Toads: a knowledgeable blue Toad who typically provides information on an area of interest; a green Toad who carries a pickaxe and constructs cannons for Mario; and a sleepy yellow Toad.	Comet Observatory, Honeyhive Galaxy, Sweet Sweet Galaxy, Space Junk Galaxy, Hurry-Scurry Galaxy, Bubble Breeze Galaxy, Ghostly Galaxy, Bowser Jr.'s Airship Armada, Freezeflame Galaxy, Dusty Dune Galaxy, Bigmouth Galaxy, Sea Slide Galaxy, Toy Time Galaxy, Sand Spiral Galaxy, Deep Dark Galaxy, Grand Finale Galaxy
Toad Brigade captain	The captain of the Toad Brigade. This red Toad self-designated himself as the brigade captain and typically sends his teammates into dangerous situations without his direct involvement. According to the blue Toad, the captain is the most cowardly member of the team.	All galaxies that feature the Toad Brigade
Mailtoad	A member of the Toad Brigade who runs a postal service for Mario on the Comet Observatory, delivering mail from Princess Peach or Luigi. He also periodically sends his own letters to the player through the Wii Message Board. When out on missions with the brigade, the Mailtoad is not carrying his satchel and sometimes wears a snorkel.	All galaxies that feature the Toad Brigade
Star Bunnies	Spacefaring rabbits that like to play and typically award Mario a Power Star for catching them. The Star Bunnies of Gusty Garden Galaxy like to garden and are hunted by Undergrunts. Some Star Bunnies are Lumas in disguise. Unlike them, the real rabbits often end their sentences with "boiyoing" or wear vests.	Gateway Galaxy, Bowser Jr.'s Airship Armada, Gusty Garden Galaxy, Gold Leaf Galaxy, Snow Cap Galaxy, Grand Finale Galaxy
Honeybees	Bee people that collect honey and teach Mario how to use his Bee form. Most Honeybees are members of the Honeyhive Kingdom and are in the midst of a dispute with Mandibugs. The bees of Gold Leaf Galaxy keep Cataquacks as pets.	Honeyhive Galaxy, Sea Slide Galaxy, Gold Leaf Galaxy, Grand Finale Galaxy
Queen Bee	The ruler of the Honeyhive Kingdom. She has a large body that can be clung to by the player while in their Bee form. When she meets Mario for the first time, she mistakes him for a physician and asks him to take care of an "itchiness" for her.	Honeyhive Galaxy
Gil Board	A talking board who claims to be famous. He teaches Mario how to Wall Jump	Honeyhive Galaxy
Bill Board	An old talking board that teaches Mario how to use the Rolling Ball. He is the most prominent talking sign.	Rolling Green Galaxy, Melty Molten Galaxy, Rolling Gizmo Galaxy, Grand Finale Galaxy
Phil Board	A talking board who teaches Mario how to use the Bubble	Bubble Breeze Galaxy, Bubble Blast Galaxy
Jill Board	A talking board who reminds Mario about how to use his Boo form.	Boo's Boneyard Galaxy
Ray	The manta ray that Mario surfs on during ray surfing. Safely reaching the finish line within a specified time limit awards Mario with a Power Star.	Loopdeeloop Galaxy, Loopdeeswoop Galaxy
Penguins	Flightless birds who love to swim. Some penguins share swimming techniques with Mario when prompted, while others try to play with him. Most penguins are young and slightly shorter than Mario, while the two adult penguins, Coach and Penguru, tower over him. The penguin in Freezeflame Galaxy calls Mario an "old man" and challenges him to a race.	Loopdeeloop Galaxy, Beach Bowl Galaxy, Buoy Base Galaxy, Drip Drop Galaxy, Freezeflame Galaxy, Sea Slide Galaxy, Loopdeeswoop Galaxy, Grand Finale Galaxy
Coach	A big penguin who has a paternal disposition and teaches the young penguins how to swim. Coach is the host of the ray surfing minigame and gives Mario a tutorial on how to move Ray.	Loopdeeloop Galaxy, Beach Bowl Galaxy, Loopdeeswoop Galaxy, Grand Finale Galaxy
Penguru	An elderly penguin who likes to fish. While he oversees young penguins, he prefers spending time by himself.	Drip Drop Galaxy, Bigmouth Galaxy, Sea Slide Galaxy, Grand Finale Galaxy
Penguin Racers	A four-member swimming team. While most penguins are blue, each member of this team is a different color. Mario can compete with them when he talks to the red-colored leader. This penguin awards Mario a Power Star for outswimming them.	Sea Slide Galaxy, Grand Finale Galaxy
Gearmos	Maintenance robots. Gearmos can be found upkeeping battle stations affiliated with the Topman Tribe, but they themselves are not enemies. The Gearmos of Toy Time Galaxy teach the player how to use their Spring form. An overworked Gearmo hosts Bob-omb Blasting, while another helps maintain the Comet Observatory's Engine Room. One Gearmo in Battlerock Galaxy refers to herself as an "iron old lady".	Comet Observatory, Battlerock Galaxy, Buoy Base Galaxy, Toy Time Galaxy, Dreadnought Galaxy, Grand Finale Galaxy
Worm	A giant caterpillar with its own gravitational pull that enables Mario to walk along its body. It lives inside one of the apple-shaped planets in Gusty Garden Galaxy, where Ground Pounding a stump forces the worm to the surface and tunnel into the next nearest planet. This creates a permanent bridge between them.	Gusty Garden Galaxy
Spooky Speedster	A Boo who challenges Mario to a race when prompted. He begrudgingly gives Mario a Power Star if he reaches the finish line before him. When Mario races him in "A Very Spooky Sprint", he must use Pull Stars to reach the goal. In "Racing the Spooky Speedster", he is in his Boo form.	Ghostly Galaxy, Boo's Boneyard Galaxy
Guppy	An orca who bullies the Penguin Racers. He only relents if Mario can complete his eight-ring swim challenge, as well as award him a Power Star. Unlike most other characters, Guppy cannot be jumped on and knocks Mario back if touched, although this does not cause damage.	Sea Slide Galaxy, Deep Dark Galaxy
Cosmic Mario	An entity that resembles Mario and mirrors his abilities. He challenges him to a footrace to a Power Star when a Cosmic Comet is in orbit during Mario's playthrough. Making contact with Cosmic Mario during the race makes him release Star Bits.	Honeyhive Galaxy, Freezeflame Galaxy, Gold Leaf Galaxy, Sea Slide Galaxy
Cosmic Luigi	An entity that resembles Luigi. Like Cosmic Mario, he only appears when a Cosmic Comet is in orbit during Luigi's playthrough. Unlike Cosmic Mario, Cosmic Luigi makes more frequent use of shortcuts and Long Jumps, making him a more challenging opponent.	Honeyhive Galaxy, Freezeflame Galaxy, Gold Leaf Galaxy, Sea Slide Galaxy

Enemies and obstacles

Enemies

Roughly ninety enemies are in Super Mario Galaxy. Most enemies drop coins if stomped on or Star Bits if spun into. If an enemy actively tracks Mario, it will usually stop moving for a moment after successfully causing damage, allowing the player time to recover before responding. Some enemies, such as Piranha Plants, laugh at Mario when they successfully land a hit.

About fifty of the enemies and varieties in Super Mario Galaxy are wholly new to the series. Some of them are incorporated into subsequent Super Mario games or have inspired staple elements. Notable groups include: octopus enemies that spit rocks; spinning top-like enemies; and stationary beamers that discharge rings of electricity. Some of the new enemies are derivative of creatures that appeared in earlier Super Mario games in both design and behavior, such as Goombeetles and Pumpkinhead Goombas being Goombas with respective Buzzy Beetle-like helmets and jack-o'-lantern helmets, Bomb Boos being explosive Boos unbothered by being stared at, and Spiny Piranha Plants being hefty, thorned versions of the normal Piranha Plants. Many new enemies also appear as extraterrestrial counterparts to previously established enemies, such as Electrogoombas resembling alien versions of Goombas, Monty and Undergrunt being similar to Rocky Wrench and Monty Mole, respectively, and Gringill being similar to Unagi. Some of them even resemble recurring enemies in The Legend of Zelda series, such as bats (which resemble Keese) and the octopus enemies (which resemble Octoroks). The Japanese name for Rocto directly derives from "Octorok". In addition, most of the new "alien" enemies are highly incorporated into certain settings and environments; for example, Topmen and Beamers are mainly found in highly militarized locations like the Battlerock Galaxy and the Dreadnought Galaxy, Slurples and Flipbugs are found almost exclusively in grassy, natural locations like the Honeyhive Galaxy and Gusty Garden Galaxy galaxies, while the Jammyfish and Jam-o'-War are only found in dark, abyssal waters.

Super Mario Galaxy makes use of the Super Mario series' back catalog of enemies. This game represents the first instance that some of these enemies were ever integrated into a 3D platformer. There are enemies in Super Mario Galaxy that, with the exception of rereleases or remakes, never appeared outside of their debut titles. The enemies that are incorporated contrast greatly with the ones in the previous 3D Super Mario game, a title that made a conservative use of past enemies and introduced ones that largely never appeared again. Some of the returning enemies from previous games are different from before in minor or major ways, such as Micro-Goombas being almost as big as normal Goombas with a more rounded body shape, chainless Chomps that act like boulders, Urchins rolling along the seafloor rather than swimming freely, and Spiny Cheep Cheeps as balloon-like porcupinefish.

Sorting the "galaxy" columns organizes levels by their occurrence in-game, not alphabetically. The "spoils" column denotes items and objects that can potentially be dropped by the enemies when defeated and are represented by icons. If multiple different items are listed in a spoils cell for an enemy, it means which ones appear is dependent on how it is defeated (such as whether a stomp or a spin) and to a lesser extent the mission (as is the case with keys ). If an enemy is defeatable but drops nothing, the cell reads "none". If an enemy is undefeatable, its cell has a cross symbol (). Sorting the "new" column sorts enemies by whether they are wholly new to the Super Mario franchise, which are denoted by the star icon (☆).

Name	Description	Galaxies		Spoils	New
		First	Last
Micro Goomba	Little Goombas. Like normal-sized ones, they charge towards Mario. They are defeated when spun.	Gateway Galaxy	Rolling Gizmo Galaxy	×1	—
Goomba	Squat mushroom creatures that chase Mario when he is in their line of sight. A Goomba is defeated when stomped. Spinning or shooting one with a Star Bit knocks it over and makes it spin like a top, leaving it vulnerable to being kicked. The first Goomba encountered during "Grand Star Rescue" drops a key regardless of the means of defeat.	Gateway Galaxy	Rolling Gizmo Galaxy	×1 ×3 ×1	—
Grand Goomba	A giant Goomba. It is defeated only when spun and kicked. Only one Grand Goomba appears in the whole game.	Gateway Galaxy		×1	—
Pumpkinhead Goomba	Slow-moving Goombas with jack-o'-lanterns covering their heads. A Pumpkinhead Goomba sometimes drops a blue flame behind it that burns Mario on contact. Ground Pounding one defeats it. Spinning one breaks the pumpkin and reverts it into a normal Goomba.	Ghostly Galaxy		×1
Goombeetle	Helmeted Goombas that cannot be stomped. Spinning one flips it upside down, exposing its vulnerable underside.	Bowser Jr.'s Robot Reactor	Dreadnought Galaxy	×1
Electrogoomba	Goomba-like octopus enemies. An Electrogoomba shuffles side to side along a set path and keeps its eyes locked onto Mario when he is near. When in close proximity, it attempts to strike him with the hair-like appendage on its head. Electrogoombas are defeated when stomped or spun.	Good Egg Galaxy	Toy Time Galaxy	×1 ×3
Octoguy	Red octopuses that spit rocks. Octoguys shuffle backward from Mario when approached and only stop to attack Mario. One is defeated when stomped or spun. They usually occur in groups.	Honeyhive Galaxy	Deep Dark Galaxy	×1 ×3
Slurple	Leech-like octopuses. They latch onto Mario and gradually deplete his life meter. Spinning defeats them.	Good Egg Galaxy	Sea Slide Galaxy	×1
Rocto	Big octopuses that sit in barrels. Roctos spit coconuts and flaming rocks at Mario. The coconuts can be ricocheted back with a well-timed spin. This is the only way to defeat a Rocto.	Good Egg Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy	None
Ruby Rock	Rocks with red gems in their center. Ruby Rocks roll around in circles or off the sides of platforms, damaging Mario on contact. Spinning into the gem of one breaks it. There are caves that indefinitely release Ruby Rocks in several galaxies.	Good Egg Galaxy	Melty Molten Galaxy	×7
Big Ruby Rock	Large Ruby Rocks. Unlike their small counterparts, if they hit the player character, they will stop moving for a moment.	Dusty Dune Galaxy		×7
Piranha Plant	Carnivorous plants that try to bite Mario when near and laugh if they land a hit. They idly hold their heads skyward like normal flowers until they are approached. Piranha Plants are defeated when stomped or spun, and stunned when struck by a Star Bit. Defeating a Piranha Plant sometimes causes a Sproutle Vine to erupt from the ground.	Good Egg Galaxy	Gold Leaf Galaxy	×1 ×3	—
Spiny Piranha Plant	Large Piranha Plants that slam their heads into the ground. Spinning one stuns it and leaves it vulnerable to being stomped. As with their smaller counterparts, Sproutle Vines erupt from the ground when Spiny Piranha Plants in certain missions.	Good Egg Galaxy	Gusty Garden Galaxy	×7
Tracks	Invisible purse-like creatures. Tracks are only visible when the stop moving. They are otherwise only perceptible by tracking their footsteps. Defeating one awards Mario with a large number of Star Bits.	Good Egg Galaxy	Gateway Galaxy	×20
Pokeynut	Giant Pokeys. A Pokeynut slam its body forward to strike Mario. It falls apart when struck by a coconut, causing its head to fall and become embedded in the surrounding sand. Stomping the head defeats it.	Good Egg Galaxy	Dusty Dune Galaxy	×1
Pokeyplant	A red Pokey. It shimmies away from Mario while attempting to slam him. The Pokeyplant can be defeated by destroying each of its body segments, or by stomping on its head from above. If reduced to just a head, it attempts to flee the area.	Dusty Dune Galaxy		×7
Pokey Head	Green Pokeys. They are buried with only their flowers visible. When approached by Mario, they burst out of the ground and start hopping towards him. A Pokey Head bounces in place if it successfully strikes Mario. They are defeated when stomped or spun.	Gusty Garden Galaxy	Dusty Dune Galaxy	×1 ×3	—
Chomp	Rolling metal enemies. They bark when in close proximity. Chomps are defeated only when struck by Rainbow Mario.	Good Egg Galaxy	Ghostly Galaxy	×7	—
Golden Chomp	A Chomp made of gold. It is destroyed by Mario only if he collides with it in his Rainbow form.	Gusty Garden Galaxy		×1
Mini Chomp	Little Chomps that roll out of doghouses. Mini Chomps are destroyed only when all nearby Flipswitch Panels are activated.	Dreadnought Galaxy		×3
Bullet Bill	Missiles fired from Bill Blasters. Bullet Bills directly target Mario when he is within their proximity. Mario can lure Bullet Bills towards cages and fences to break them. Their eyes flash red and their bodies twirl when they lock onto Mario.	Good Egg Galaxy	Bubble Blast Galaxy	None	—
Banzai Bill	Slow-moving missiles. Their line of trajectory is fixed in one direction, and they slowly rotate as they move.	Bowser's Galaxy Reactor		None	—
Torpedo Ted	Underwater missiles. Their eyes flash red and they home in on Mario when he is in close proximity. They can be lured towards cages to break them.	Buoy Base Galaxy	Drip Drop Galaxy	None	—
Lava Bubble	Floating drops of lava. Lava Bubbles appear during the battle with King Kaliente. Shooting one with a Star Bit defeats it. They otherwise burnout and disappear on their own.	Good Egg Galaxy	Melty Molten Galaxy	×1	—
Flipbug	Insect enemies that dislike bees. Flipbugs attempt to flee from Mario when he is near, ultimately tiring out and collapsing upside-down on the ground. If spotted in his Bee form, they chase him.	Honeyhive Galaxy	Gold Leaf Galaxy	×1 ×3
Mandibug	Big stag beetle enemies. Mandibugs charge at Mario after making visual contact, snapping their jaws. They are defeated when Ground Pounded. One trembles if Mario stands on its back, but eventually shakes him off.	Honeyhive Galaxy	Gold Leaf Galaxy	×3
Wiggler	Caterpillars that walk around in circles. Performing a Ground Pound on nearby earth or directly spinning a Wiggler flips it onto its back. If it is not defeated within five seconds, it becomes angry and uprights itself. An enraged Wiggler is faster and cannot be harmed. It calms down after a few seconds. Ground Pounding a Wiggler defeats it in a single blow.	Honeyhive Galaxy	Gold Leaf Galaxy	×7	—
Water Shooter	Mounted nozzles that shoot Water Balls over great distances. A ball traps Mario if he is within its trajectory and carries him with it. He is freed if he spins.	Honeyhive Galaxy	Sand Spiral Galaxy
Fire Shooter	Mounted flamethrowers that shoot streams of fire. The flames recede in set intervals that can be timed.	Bowser's Star Reactor	Bubble Blast Galaxy
Spring Vault	Topman-like beamers. Jumping on one's head launches Mario high into the air.	Flipswitch Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy	None
Sentry Garage	A Spring Vault that expels Topminis. Its head bounces Mario into the air.	Buoy Base Galaxy		None
Spoing	Spiders that hop up and down. A Spoing is stunned when shot by a Star Bit. It is defeated when stomped. Spoings stop to laugh if they strike Mario.	Space Junk Galaxy	Ghostly Galaxy	×1 ×3
Spangler	Spiders hanging from silk. Spanglers sway back and forth to strike Mario. Spinning one stuns it. It otherwise can be stomped.	Ghostly Galaxy	Sea Slide Galaxy	×1 ×3
Zap Ball	Large, faceless Amps that travel in circles and damage Mario on contact. Zap Balls typically occur in pairs.	Space Junk Galaxy	Toy Time Galaxy
Amp	Smiling, electrical orbs. They typically travel in circular patterns.	Buoy Base Galaxy	Bubble Blast Galaxy		—
Magikoopa	Robed Koopas that teleport. Magikoopas toss magical fireballs at Mario with their wand, which they also use to block shot Star Bits. The Magikoopa in one of the opening cutscenes is localized into English as "Kamek".	Space Junk Galaxy	Sand Spiral Galaxy	×1	—
Green Koopa Troopa	Green-shelled turtles. Koopa Troopas walk back and forth in straight lines. One retreats into its shell when stomped, allowing Mario to pick it up.	Space Junk Galaxy	Bigmouth Galaxy	×1	—
Red Koopa Troopa	A red-shelled Koopa Troopa that walks around in a circle. Jumping on it gives Mario access to a Red Shell.	Sea Slide Galaxy		×1	—
Dry Bones	Undead Koopa Troopas. Dry Bones chase down and tackle Mario on sight. If one is stomped, spun, or hit with a shell, it crumbles into a pile of bones, but reassembles after a few seconds. There are three ways to truly defeat a Dry Bones: by luring a Bullet Bill into it, by running into it as Rainbow Mario; or by luring it into quicksand.	Dusty Dune Galaxy	Bowser's Galaxy Reactor	×3	—
Topmini	Little Topmen. Topminis cannot damage Mario and are immediately defeated when spun.	Battlerock Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy	×1
Spiky Topman	Top enemies. Spiky Topmen do not directly harm Mario, but they can knock him into hazards or off platforms. The spike on one's head protects it from being stomped and damages Mario on contact. Spiky Topmen are defeated if knocked into an electric rail or off the side of a platform.	Battlerock Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy	×1
Spring Topman	Green Topmen that continuously produced by small portals. Stomping a Spring Topman stuns it and allows Mario to use it like a springboard. Some Spring Topmen produce Topminis.	Buoy Base Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy	None
Space Mine	Faceless Mikey Mines that occur floating in space. Most are inert, but some move along purple streaks of light. Space Mines explode when touched, causing damage. Shooting one with a Star Bit destroys it.	Battlerock Galaxy	Bubble Blast Galaxy	None
Mikey Mine	Naval mines that bob up and down on chains. Mikey Mines keep their eyes shut unless Mario is in close proximity. They regenerate after detonating.	Deep Dark Galaxy		None
Bob-omb	Walking bombs. Bob-ombs actively pursue Mario until they explode. Stomping one disengages it, turning it into a grabbable bomb.	Battlerock Galaxy	Rolling Gizmo Galaxy	None	—
Monty	Moles that sit in hatches and throw wrenches at Mario. One retreats into the hatch when approaches. Ground Pounding nearby earth stuns Montys, leaving them open to attack. They are also stunned when struck by Star Bits.	Battlerock Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy	×1 ×3
Undergrunt	Burrowing Montys. Undergrunts leave trails of disturbed dirt as they dig. Ground Pounding nearby earth forces them to the surface, dazed and vulnerable. Their spiked helmets protects them from stomps. The helmets protrude from the ground as the Undergrunts burrow, allowing one to track their movements.	Gusty Garden Galaxy	Gold Leaf Galaxy	×3
Sentry Beam	Hovering beamers that fire lasers at Mario when he is close. Standing on top of a Sentry Beam temporarily prevents it from firing.	Battlerock Galaxy	Toy Time Galaxy
Thwomp	Grimacing stones. Thwomps suspend themselves above ground and periodically slam into the earth below. Crushing Mario fully depletes his life meter. The tops and sides of a Thwomp can be used as platforms and walls. Slightly smaller ones appear in the 2D sections of several galaxies.	Bowser's Star Reactor	Bowser's Galaxy Reactor		—
Gringill	Conger eel enemies. Gringills lunge at Mario if he approaches the mouth of their caves. They can only be defeated by projectile shells. In some galaxies, Gringills occur swimming in open water.	Beach Bowl Galaxy	Bigmouth Galaxy	×7
Giant Gringill	Large Gringills restricted to underwater caves. They snap at Mario when approached. Giant Gringills react slower than the normal-sized ones.	Beach Bowl Galaxy	Deep Dark Galaxy	×1
Urchin	Sea creatures with protractible spines. Urchins roll towards Mario when in close proximity. They are damaged only by shells and fireballs.	Beach Bowl Galaxy	Deep Dark Galaxy	×5	—
Ground Urchin	Red Urchins found in warm areas. When Mario draws near, they protract their spines and roll towards him. Ground Urchins can only be defeated by fire and lava. There is a box-like stone sculpture in Freezeflame Galaxy that continuously expels Ground Urchins.	Freezeflame Galaxy	Deep Dark Galaxy	×5
Clampy	A giant oyster that opens and closes its mouth. Star Chips or coins can be found inside it. Snapping shut with Mario inside damages him.	Beach Bowl Galaxy
Bat	Hog-nosed bats that roost in caves. They swoop down to attack Mario. A bat stops to laugh when it lands a hit. Stomping or spinning one defeats it.	Beach Bowl Galaxy	Toy Time Galaxy	×1 ×3
Ice bat	White bats. Making direct contact freezes Mario. They are defeated only by fire.	Freezeflame Galaxy		×3
Cataquack	Duck-like creatures that toss Mario high into the air. Cataquacks immediately charge towards Mario after making visual contact. They otherwise idly walk in circles or sleep on the ground. Spinning one or performing a Ground Pound dazes it. They drown if led into water.	Beach Bowl Galaxy	Gold Leaf Galaxy	None	—
Tox Box	Stone boxes that roll around in set trajectories. Tox Boxes are the same width of the paths they travel, making them difficult to avoid. One of their sides is open and can be safely stood under.	Beach Bowl Galaxy	Toy Time Galaxy		—
Boo	Ghost enemies. Boos pursue Mario when his back is turned towards them. If Mario looks directly at one, it stops moving and shields its eyes. Spinning one shifts its position and forces it through nearby walls, but it is undamaged. Boos are weak only to light – including the headlamp of the Toad Brigade captain. Some Boos are found underwater. Mario can transform into one via the Boo Mushroom, which causes nearby Boos to become enamored and give chase.	Ghostly Galaxy	Sand Spiral Galaxy	×1 ×1	—
Bomb Boo	Explosive Boos that pursue Mario on sight. Unlike normal Boos, Bomb Boos do not cower when Mario looks at them. When spun, Mario grabs onto a Bomb Boo's tongue and swings it like a lasso. It detonates if it is swung into an object or wall. If Mario does not release the Bomb Boo, it is pulled in closer and damages him. Bomb Boos are conjured by Bouldergeist and can destroy the boss's stone armor.	Ghostly Galaxy		None
Atomic Boo	A large Boo. It is defeated only with a light source. The Spooky Speedster is an Atomic Boo.	Deep Dark Galaxy		×1	—
Bomp	Stones that shift in and out of walls. They cannot damage Mario directly, but they are positioned to push him off of platforms and solid ground. The tops of their bodies can be stood on.	Buoy Base Galaxy	Freezeflame Galaxy		—
Ball Beamer	Yellow beamers that discharge wide-range shockwaves on the surface of spherical planets. The shockwaves damage Mario on contact and are discharged in consistent, three-part intervals that can be timed. Most Ball Beamers lack interactive components, but there is one in Buoy Base Galaxy with a gold screw on its top. Spinning it disengages the Ball Beamer and opens up the metal planet it is fastened to.	Buoy Base Galaxy	Deep Dark Galaxy
Pulse Beam	Spiked beamers that discharge shockwaves. One damages Mario when touched.	Toy Time Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy
Blooper	Underwater squids. Bloopers swim erratically when approached by Mario to strike him. Spinning one or striking it with a shell defeats it. They release a cloud of ink when defeated.	Buoy Base Galaxy	Deep Dark Galaxy	×3	—
Spiny Cheep-Cheep	Porcupinefish enemies that protract their spines and charge towards Mario on sight. They are only found within sunken treasure chests.	Drip Drop Galaxy		×7	—
Cheep Cheep	Pudgy red fish. Underwater, they passively swim in circles. On land or shallow water, they bounce around in a set trajectory. They are defeated when stomped or spun.	Deep Dark Galaxy		×1 ×3	—
Ice Bubble	Floating ice enemies that freeze Mario on contact. Spinning an Ice Bubble neutralizes its icy cloud and grounds it, leaving it vulnerable to being kicked. Neutralized Ice Bubbles propel themselves towards the nearest pools of freezing water to restore their clouds.	Freezeflame Galaxy	Toy Time Galaxy	×1
Li'l Cinder	Floating fire enemies that burn Mario on contact. Li'l Cinders otherwise behave like Ice Bubbles. Grounded Li'l Cinders hop towards the nearest lava to reignite.	Freezeflame Galaxy	Melty Molten Galaxy	×1
Cluckboom	Plurp-like enemies that lay explosive eggs. Cluckbooms fly in set paths, fluttering back and forth. One falls to the ground when shot be a Star Bit, leaving it open to attack.	Dusty Dune Galaxy		×1 ×3
Bone Twister	Whirlwinds that move along set paths. Bone Twisters trap Mario on contact, but this does not damage him. Mario is propelled high into the air like a bamboo-copter if he spins while inside. Some Bone Twisters carry jagged rocks that damage Mario if he makes contact.	Dusty Dune Galaxy
Red Crabber	Sidestepping crabs that scuttle away from Mario. Crabbers have hard shells that protect them from stomps and spins head-on, but their fleshy rears are exposed and can be struck. Red Crabbers actively pursue Mario but move slowly.	Dusty Dune Galaxy	Bigmouth Galaxy	×3
Blue Crabber	Blue Crabbers appear in smaller amounts than the red ones and bury themselves underground in an attempt to escape and resurface shortly after.	Dusty Dune Galaxy	Bigmouth Galaxy	×1
Jammyfish	Jellyfish that swim in schools along set paths. They damage Mario on contact but do not actively pursue him.	Bigmouth Galaxy	Deep Dark Galaxy	×1
Jam-o'-War	Large Jammyfish that idly float in place and electrocute Mario when touched. Striking a Jam-o'-War with a shell twice defeats it. The first strike turns it green.	Bigmouth Galaxy	Deep Dark Galaxy	×1
Mecha-Bowser	Mechanical Koopas that breathe fire. Spinning Mecha-Bowsers swing their heads back and delay their fire attack. They are defeated when Ground Pounded.	Toy Time Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy	×1
Bonefin	Undead sharks. They appear alongside Kingfin, who summons them from a hydrothermal vent as he accumulates damage. Bonefins lock onto Mario when he is near. Striking one with a shell defeats it, as does leading it to the water's surface defeats it. All Bonefins disappear when Kingfin is defeated.	Bonefin Galaxy		×7

Obstacles

Name	Description	Galaxies
		First	Last
Banzai Bill Cannon	Giant cannons that shoot Banzai Bills.	Bowser's Galaxy Reactor
Bars / crystal	Thin barriers that can only be phased through by Boo Mario while he is invisible.	Ghostly Galaxy	Boo's Boneyard Galaxy
Bill Blaster	Cannons that shoot Bullet Bills. Bill Blasters are mounted onto the surface of planets, integrated into the walls of terrain, and attached to the sides of airships. Many Bill Blasters are built into the body of Megaleg. The cannons do not shoot more than one Bullet Bill at a time.	Good Egg Galaxy	Bubble Blast Galaxy
Black hole	Bottomless voids with their own gravity. Mario is pulled into black holes if he gets too close and lose a life. They exist in the center of several spherical planets and function similarly to bottomless pits.	Good Egg Galaxy	Bubble Blast Galaxy
Bone:145	Floating barriers in courses where Mario races the Spooky Speedster. They can obstruct Mario's path. Most bones have simple designs and are purely obstructive, but some are ribs that shift up and down. Few are cackling skulls.	Ghostly Galaxy	Boo's Boneyard Galaxy
Bramble	Thick, thorn-covered vines that damage Mario on contact.	Gusty Garden Galaxy
Burner	Cannons that create small explosions. It takes a few seconds for them to charge up.	Good Egg Galaxy
Cannon	Enemy cannons that shoot cannonballs. They are built into the sides of terrain. Cannons fire continuously in set intervals that can be timed. Shooting a cannonball with a Star Bit destroys it and releases a coin.	Battlerock Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy
Chomp box	Giant turrets that release Chomps. Little doghouse-like Chomp boxes release Mini Chomps.	Good Egg Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy
Crushing pillar	Walls that shift up and down. Mario loses a life if crushed.	Battlerock Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy
Dark matter	Dark matter disintegrates Mario on contact, costing him a life.	Bowser's Dark Matter Plant
Deadly quicksand	Shifting sands. It functions identically to poison in that it rapidly causes Mario to sink and lose a life.	Dusty Dune Galaxy	Bowser's Galaxy Reactor
Electric Ball	Metal orbs that spin around the sides of disc-shaped planetoids. They are similar to Amps and electrocute Mario on contact.	Battlerock Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy
Electric rail	Electric barriers. They emit either green or red electricity and move horizontally in some galaxies. Spiky Topmen are defeated when spun into electric rails. This is also the only way to damage Topmaniac.	Good Egg Galaxy	Bubble Blast Galaxy
Eye Beamer	Beamers with flat backs that are suspended above ground. Eye Beamers fire electric beams that damage Mario on contact. Some move while others are stationary. Their backs are nondamaging and can be used as platforms.	Dusty Dune Galaxy	Dreadnought Galaxy
Fire Bar	Rotating bars of fireballs that burn Mario on contact.	Battlerock Galaxy	Sling Pod Galaxy
Fire geyser	Hot steam forced from the ground. Making contact burns Mario.	Space Junk Galaxy	Bowser's Galaxy Reactor
Freezing water	Water so frigid that it gradually depletes Mario's life meter if he tries to swim through it. When Mario enters freezing water, the screen is briefly disrupted by a static-like visual effect, readily differentiating it from normal bodies of water. During "Hot and Cold Collide", this water rises and falls on one of the planets.	Freezeflame Galaxy
Honey	A sweet substance collected by Honeybees. Honey reduces Mario's movement the same way mud does.	Honeyhive Galaxy
Ice sphere	An ice planet. The surface is so cold that direct contact makes Mario leap as if he was burned and reduces his life meter.	Bowser's Galaxy Reactor
Lava	Direct contact with lava burns Mario and makes him bounce into the air with his hands on his rear. Some small planets are completely covered in it. On others, the lava rises and falls like the tide.	Good Egg Galaxy	Bowser's Galaxy Reactor
Lava burst	Trailing balls of lava. They move slowly and burn Mario on contact. They typically move in arcs.	Freezeflame Galaxy	Bowser's Galaxy Reactor
Lava Geyser	Lava Geysers rise and fall in set intervals that can be timed. A rise is always proceeded by rapid bubbling on the lava's surface.	Freezeflame Galaxy	Bowser's Galaxy Reactor
Meat	Giant lumps of meat pierced with bone appear as obstacles in Mario's race against the Spooky Speedster. They bounce Mario away on contact.	Ghostly Galaxy
Meteor	Fiery space rocks. Bowser shoots them from his mouth to destroy the big staircase in Bowser's Star Reactor, and Bowser Jr. fires them from the cannons in his airship. They otherwise occur raining from the sky.	Gateway Galaxy	Bowser's Galaxy Reactor
Moving sand	Rapidly flowing sand. Mario can stand on it but is brought down his intended trajectory and potentially into hazards. During "Treasure of the Pyramid", the sand rises inside of a pyramid.	Dusty Dune Galaxy
Mud	Mario's movement speed and jump height is reduced while he is in mud. This puts him at potential risk if dangerous enemies are nearby.	Good Egg Galaxy
Poisonous swamp	Toxic sludge. If Mario falls into a poisonous swamp, he sinks and loses a life.	Bubble Breeze Galaxy	Toy Time Galaxy
Prickly plant	Plants with damaging, needle-like flowers. One is destroyed only through the use of projectiles, like rubbery bulbs. Destroying a prickly plant can reward Mario with three Star Bits, a coin, or a Sling Star. Some plants are giant and drop seven Star Bits when destroyed. Airborne ones appear in Gusty Garden Galaxy.	Good Egg Galaxy	Bowser's Galaxy Reactor
Snow	Powdery snow that reduces Mario's speed when walked through. The snow is cleared when the Star Pointer is waved over it or with fireballs.	Snow Cap Galaxy
Spikes	Spikes damage Mario on contact, and generally appear attached to terrain and shifting objects. Lifts with spikes embedded into their sides appear in a few galaxies.	Good Egg Galaxy	Toy Time Galaxy
Spiky iceberg	Spike-covered bergy bits that float on the surface of water during "Wall Jumping up Waterfalls". They launch Mario backward on contact and destroy the platforms created by Ice Mario as they float.	Beach Bowl Galaxy
Spotlight	The light defeats enemy Boos, but it also forces Boo Mario back into his normal form.	Ghostly Galaxy	Deep Dark Galaxy
Spring	Floating springs in narrow caverns. They knockback Boo Mario on contact but do not cause damage.	Boo's Boneyard Galaxy
Torpedo tube	Underwater cannons that shoot Torpedo Teds.	Buoy Base Galaxy
Whirlpool	Swirling vortices of water. Contact pushes Mario and temporarily stuns him, but it does not cause damage.	Sea Slide Galaxy	Deep Dark Galaxy

Bosses

Wallpaper of Mario before most of the game's bosses

Similar to previous titles, most of the bosses in Super Mario Galaxy are stronger counterparts to normal enemies, and all except the Mandibug Stack have the background music change when encountered. Most tactics to defeat bosses are subtly conveyed in the level design before they are reached, giving the player an understanding of what to do to defeat them. For instance, prior to facing Dino Piranha in the Good Egg Galaxy, a player taking the galaxy's main path will encounter a Spiny Piranha Plant surrounded by rubbery bulbs that can be used to damage and defeat it, which is echoed with how Dino Piranha's clubbed tail must be swung against to damage the boss. Some of these examples are even done between multiple missions and in different galaxies. Kingfin's "tutorial", for example, is in the Drip Drop Galaxy rather than the Bonefin Galaxy where he is encountered, and to ensure the player has completed said instructional mission, the Bonefin Galaxy does not become available until it is completed.

Most bosses take three hits to their weak point to defeat, like in most previous games. The Mandibug Stack only takes two, however, and both Megaleg and Mecha-Bowser instead must be climbed and destroyed with a certain attack at the top. Most bosses become faster and more offensive the more hits they have taken, which is often reflected with them becoming visibly enraged and sometimes even glowing red. Some even switch tactics completely midway through the fight, such as Bugaboom taking flight or Bouldergeist spawning a massive pair of hands. Some will also spawn minions the further their battle goes.

Some bosses are fought more than once, and if fought again in a later galaxy will have additional tactics and mechanics to make the battle harder. Ones with especially apparent differences to their fights even get a color change and are listed as separate bosses in official paratext, despite sharing a name and a base model. Otherwise, most rematches are done with the added rules from a Prankster Comet, specifically a Speedy Comet or a Daredevil Comet.

For each hit, bosses will always let out a flurry of Star Bits. When defeated, they normally give some form of Power Star to end the mission; the exception is the Water Bazooka in "Bubble Blastoff", which is fought at the beginning of the mission and instead grants access to a usable cannon.

Bosses are listed in the order that they are first encountered.

Name	Description	Missions
Dino Piranha	A Piranha Plant boss with a clubbed tail. It charges after Mario when he is in its line of sight. Spinning into its club knocks it at its head, damaging it. It charges faster after the first strike.	Dino Piranha, Dino Piranha Speed Run
King Kaliente	A giant Rocto that sits in lava. He shoots coconuts and flaming rocks at Mario. Spinning into a coconut sends it back and damages him. He starts to parry these attacks as the fight progresses.	King Kaliente's Battle Fleet
Mandibug Stack	A Mandibug that carries its child on its back. Both can be defeated by performing a Ground Pound. Defeating the child angers the parent and makes it harder to strike.	Trouble on the Tower
Bugaboom	A giant, winged Mandibug that tries to bite Mario with its jaws and can be damaged with a Ground Pound. Bugaboom takes flight after being struck once and starts releasing explosive droppings as it flies.	Big Bad Bugaboom
Megaleg	A giant robot. Its legs are covered with gravitational panels that enable Mario to walk up its body. Bill Blasters are built into its body. A Grand Star is caged on its head that can be freed with a lured Bullet Bill.	Megaleg's Moon
Kamella	A Magikoopa boss. She launches magical fireballs and Green Shells from her wand. Striking her with shells is the only way to damage her. She starts to erratically teleport as the fight progresses.	Kamella's Airship Attack, The Underground Ghost Ship, Ghost Ship Daredevil Run
Tarantox	A giant spider cocooned in silk. The green orbs covering its body are its weak points, which Mario can damage by launching himself at them with Sling Pods. It spits acid after being hit once.	Tarantox's Tangled Web
Topmaniac	A large Topman with serrated edges. Jumping on its head makes the blades retract, allowing Mario to safely spin it into an electric rail.	Topmaniac and the Topman Tribe, Topmaniac's Daredevil Run, Revenge of the Topman Tribe, Topman Tribe Speed Run
Bowser	The fire-breathing king of Koopas. He launches himself to the sky and back to generate shockwaves. Luring him above a glass panel causes him to crash through and burn his tail on lava. This leaves him vulnerable to a spin attack. He can conjure stone armor and roll like a Ruby Rock. He refers to Mario as his "archenemy".	The Fiery Stronghold, Darkness on the Horizon, The Fate of the Universe
Bouldergeist	A ghost covered in rocks. It launches rocks and erects stone spikes from the ground to damage Mario. Attacking it with Bomb Boos destroys its armor and leaves it vulnerable to attack. During the second phase, it constructs giant hands to attack Mario and protect its body. It is the one who kidnaps Luigi.	Beware of Bouldergeist, Bouldergeist's Daredevil Run
Bowser Jr.	Bowser's son. He rides a miniature airship that fires Bullet Bills and cannonballs at Mario. Magikoopas aide Bowser Jr. during the fight. Throwing shells at the airship damages it and eventually makes it sink. Bowser Jr. otherwise has a recurring story presence throughout the game.	Sinking the Airships
Major Burrows	A giant Undergrunt chasing a Star Bunny. He burrows towards Mario before bursting from the ground with swiping claws. Performing a Ground Pound on the earth when his head is exposed forces him to the surface and leaves him vulnerable to a spin attack.	The Dirty Tricks of Major Burrows, Major Burrows's Daredevil Run
Baron Brrr	A big Ice Bubble. He fires ice balls that freeze Mario on contact. If close, he thrusts himself downward and generates a freezing shockwave. Being close to the ground leaves him vulnerable to being spun, which extinguishes his icy aura.	The Frozen Peak of Baron Brrr
Water Bazooka	Blue rotating cannons operated by Undergrunt Gunners. They fire drops of water that trap Mario on contact. The glass-encased cockpit is the weak point.	When It Rains, It Pours, Bubble Blastoff
Mecha-Bowser	An enormous robot modeled after Bowser. Gearmos are trapped inside of its mouth. To free them and destroy the robot, the stack of stone wheels on top of its head must be Ground Pounded.	Heavy Metal Mecha-Bowser
Electric Bazooka	A yellow cannon operated by an Undergrunt Gunner. This one shoots balls of electricity that home-in on Mario.	Bouncing Down Cake Lane
Kingfin	A massive shark that is guarded by a school of Bonefins. It is vulnerable to shells. As it swims, it destroys underwater pillars. It does not actively pursue Mario, but it summons more Bonefins as the battle progresses.	Kingfin's Fearsome Waters
Black King Kaliente	King Kaliente but powered up. He launches more projectiles and can immediately parry attacks. He causes meteors to rain from the sky during the battle.	King Kaliente's Spicy Return
Black Dino Piranha	A speedy Dino Piranha. Its clubbed tail periodically catches fire. The flames burn Mario and prevent him from spinning the club. After making a successful strike, the Dino Piranha becomes faster, leaving walls of flames in its wake as it spews giant fiery balls. Defeating this boss without being damaged requires well-timed precision.	Fiery Dino Piranha

Items and objects

Items

These are collectibles, pickups, and health-restoring objects.

Name	Description
Power Stars	Objects that power the Comet Observatory. They are stolen by Bowser to create a galaxy of his own at the center of the universe. Collecting them completes missions and unlocks new levels. It is inferred that yellow Lumas can become Power Stars at the end of their lifespans.
Green Power Stars	Hidden Power Stars. Collecting one attracts a green-colored Luma to the observatory. Collecting all three grants Mario access to the Planet of Trials and its Trial Galaxies. The green Lumas become these Power Stars at the end of their lifespans.
Red Power Star	A Power Star affiliated with the Red Star power-up. Only one mission involves this Power Star, and collecting it makes the Red Star available in the Comet Observatory. Red Lumas can become these at the end of their lifespans.
Silver Stars	Small Stars that represent one-fifth of a Power Star and are contained in bubbles. Silver Stars squeal like Lumas and trail after Mario when he pops their bubbles. When five are collected, they merge to form a full Power Star.
Grand Stars	Giant Power Stars of considerable energy. They are usually in the possession of bosses. Collecting them makes the beacon expand in size, restores light to the observatory, and unlocks new domes.
Star Bits	Colorful objects that are eaten by Lumas. They are found floating in space and raining from the sky. They are collected when Mario makes physical contact or when they are touched with the Star Pointer. The Star Pointer works like a reticle: pressing shoots a Star Bit at its on-screen positioning, and holding the button shoots them rapidly. Most enemies are stunned when struck by Star Bits. Fired Star Bits can be recovered by spinning, but only while using a Red Star or swimming underwater. Hungry Lumas transform into planets and galaxies when fed a requested number of Star Bits. Mario does not lose accumulated Star Bits if he loses a life during a mission, and they are added to total when he returns to the observatory. Collecting fifty Star Bits gives Mario an extra life.
Coins	Collecting a coin restores one bar to Mario's life meter. Collecting fifty during a mission gives Mario an extra life. If Mario loses a life during a mission, he loses all of the coins he collected within that specific mission.
Purple Coins	Coins that only appear in a galaxy when Purple Comets are in orbit. Collecting 100 awards Mario with a Power Star.
? Coins	Big coins with inconsistent properties. Making contact with one has different results depending on the level. Touching one can make a power-up, mushroom, note, or another ? Coin appear. They do not contribute to Mario's coin count.
Notes	Music notes which can appear when Mario touches a ? Coin. They appear in trails in the immediate vicinity and disappear after a few seconds. Collecting every note before they can disappear awards Mario with a power-up, a mushroom, or a Power Star.
Green Shells	Shells of green Koopa Troopas. Mario grabs one when he makes contact or spins near it. Shaking makes Mario throw it. Green Shells travel in a continuous forward trajectory and defeats enemies on contact. Holding a Shell while underwater makes Mario automatically propel forward at a faster speed than if he were to swim on his own. It also emits a light from the front of the shell that helps orient the player and can defeat Boos.
Red Shells	Shells of red Koopa Troopas. They home-in on nearby targets when thrown. They give Mario a greater speed boost underwater than Green Shells.
Gold Shells	Golden Koopa Shells. Of all the shells, these ones give Mario the greatest speed boost. They function identically to a Green Shell when thrown.
Bombs	Disengaged Bob-ombs that can be picked up and tossed. They explode on impact. Bombs are used during Bob-omb Blasting to clear trash.
1-Up Mushrooms	Green mushrooms that give Mario an extra life when obtained. They are sold at Luma Shops.
Life Mushrooms	Red mushrooms that doubles the amount of bars in Mario's health meter from three to six. If Mario loses three bars, they cannot be restored. The life meter returns to just three bars when Mario completes the mission, even if at full health. This mushroom is sold at Luma Shops.
Bubbles	Air bubbles appear underwater, often released by bubblers on the seafloor. Making contact with one refills Mario's air meter.
Keys	Collecting a key opens a corresponding case or Key Door, granting Mario access to a new area.
Yellow Star Chips	Star fragments that each represent one-fifth of a Launch Star or Sling Star. Collecting five causes them to merge into either depending on the level context.
Blue Star Chips	Collecting five Blue Star Chips turns them into a Pull Star.

Power-ups

Items that transform Mario's appearance and give him unique abilities.

Power-up	Form		Description
Bee Mushroom	Bee Mario	Bee Luigi	Touching the Bee Mushroom transforms Mario into Bee Mario. Holding makes Mario hover, and his movement is controlled by tilting . The Flying Meter depletes as Mario hovers. He falls when the Meter is empty, but it is refilled when he makes contact with the ground or wall. Bee Mario can cling to honey walls and stand on clouds. The radius of the spin move is reduced in this form. Receiving damage or making contact with water makes Mario lose the power-up.
Rainbow Star	Rainbow Mario	Rainbow Luigi	Making contact with the Rainbow Star transforms Mario into Rainbow Mario for thirty seconds. He is invincible and can defeat enemies on contact. Running in this form makes Mario build speed and shortens the height of his jump. Attempting to collect a different power-up in this form will instead launch it up without collecting it.
Boo Mushroom	Boo Mario	Boo Luigi	Mario is transformed into a Boo when he touches the Boo Mushroom. Shaking makes Boo Mario become intangible for five seconds, enabling him to phase through walls. Continuously pressing makes Boo Mario hover, and he can read boards written in "Booish". Enemy Boos become infatuated with Boo Mario and pursue him. Receiving damage or making contact with a light source makes Mario lose the power-up.
Ice Flower	Ice Mario	Ice Luigi	Contact with the Ice Flower transforms Mario into Ice Mario for thirty seconds. In this form, Mario creates hexagonal ice platforms when he makes contact with water or lava, enabling him to wall jump between waterfalls. Because he produces ice under his feet, Ice Mario can continuously skate over water and lava.
Fire Flower	Fire Mario	Fire Luigi	The Fire Flower transforms Mario into Fire Mario for thirty seconds. Shaking makes Mario toss a fireball. The fire lights torches and defeats enemies on contact. This is the only power-up to have appeared in prior Super Mario games.
Spring Mushroom	Spring Mario	Spring Luigi	Making contact with the Spring Mushroom transforms Mario into Spring Mario. Mario continuously jumps in this form. Pressing when he strikes the ground makes Spring Mario jump to a great height. His horizontal movement is slowed in this state. Receiving damage or making contact with water strips Mario of the power-up.
Red Star	Flying Mario	Flying Luigi	The Red Star transforms Mario into Flying Mario for sixty seconds. Shaking makes Mario soar without any corresponding meter or limitation. Holding makes Flying Mario stop in midair and change directions. Purple Coins are drawn to Flying Mario while he is airborne. Shaking while flying makes Mario fall back to the ground.

Objects

Objects are interactable elements of the environment that cannot be picked up or collected by Mario. For objects that primarily function as obstructions or hazards, see above.

Name	Description
Transportation objects
Bubble	Big bubbles that are moved by the Star Pointer. Mario becomes stuck inside one when he touches it. The Star Pointer turns into an air-blowing nozzle () that pushes the bubble with . Pressing releases Mario.
Cannon	Cannons that launch Mario to distant areas. They are accessed like pipes. Entering one shifts the screen perspective to inside the cannon and turns the Star Pointer into a reticle symbol (). Aiming the reticle on screen and pressing launches Mario.
Floaty Fluff	Dandelion seeds that are carried on gusts of wind. Mario grabs onto one by spinning. It slowly descends as it floats. It ascends briefly by shaking , but only up to four times. Pressing makes Mario let go of the Floaty Fluff.
Gravity spotlight	Blue beams of light that have their own gravity. When Mario walks into one, he is pulled towards the direction that the light is being beamed. It enables him to walk on walls and ceilings, but only where the light is being directly struck.
Hole	Indentations in the ground for the Rolling Ball. Yellow-rimmed holes launch the Rolling Ball from one planetoid to another. The blue-rimmed ones are the final goals of their courses. They break the Rolling Ball and allow Mario to collect its Power Star.
Key Door	Doors that open when Mario makes contact with a key.
Launch Star	Floating stars near the surface of planets. They launch Mario to distant areas when spun near. Some yellow Lumas transform into Launch Stars when freed by Mario.
Pipe	Entering a pipe brings Mario to a new area. He enters one when is pressed while on top of one. Some pipes lead Mario to otherworldly subareas.
Pull Star	Floating stars that are interacted with the Star Pointer. Moving the cursor over a Pull Star and holding pulls Mario to it. Gently pressing again, pressing , or spinning releases Mario from the Pull Star. A Pull Star is at the center of every dome on the Comet Observatory. Blue Lumas can transform into them.
Rolling Ball	Mario takes control of a Rolling Ball when he jumps on top of it. It is steered by shifting the . It is carried between platforms on metal tracks. Reaching the goal causes the Rolling Ball to break and release its Power Star.
Sling Pod	Clumps of spider silk. Mario becomes stuck to one when he makes contact with it. Pointing on the Sling Pod with the Star Pointer and holding pulls the Spring Pod back. Releasing slings Mario a great distance.
Sling Star	Small Launch Stars that sling Mario towards a neighboring planet when spun near.
Tornado	Tornados moves back and forth along set paths. Making contact traps Mario within its gusts. He is propelled high into the air like a bamboo-copter if he tries to spin, enabling him to reach distant platforms and avoid hazards. Tornados function similarly to Bone Twisters, but have no means of harming Mario.
Underwater ring	Dash rings found suspended in water. Swimming through one gives Mario a burst of speed.
Warp Pad	Transport panels that move Mario along a curved beacon of light from one part of the Comet Observatory to another. More Warp Pads become available as energy is restored to the observatory.
Blocks and containers
? Block	Floating blocks that contain items. They release their contents when Mario jumps underneath them. ? Blocks that contain coins and some that have Star Bits can be jumped under in rapid succession to release more than one. Most ? Blocks become empty blocks when their contents are exhausted. There are ? Blocks containing Star Bits that burst immediately when jumped under. Some are invisible and only become viewable once interacted with.
Block	Blocks that contain nothing and cannot be broken. Coin Blocks and some ? Blocks become these when their contents are exhausted.
Brick Block	Some are Coin Blocks that contain multiple coins like ? Blocks. Others are empty and fall apart when jumped under.
Case	Cloche domes that trap Lumas, Power Stars, and other objects of interest. Most open when Mario acquires a nearby key, but some require the completion of a more cryptic task.
Crate	Crates contain items or Goombas. They release their contents when spun near or ground-pounded. Crates are only found on the ground and break completely when struck.
Gold Treasure Box	A treasure chest that only opens when struck by a Gold Shell. It contains a Power Star and the Toad Brigade captain.
Sliding block	Flat blocks only found on a planet in Gold Leaf Galaxy. They slide across the surface like hockey pucks and can damage Mario on impact. Striking one with a Ground Pound releases three Star Bits.
Snow sculpture	Blocks in Snow Cap Galaxy that melt when struck by fireballs. Each snow sculpture contains a coin.
Stone block	Big blocks in Rolling Gizmo Galaxy. They are destroyed when struck by the Rolling Ball.
Treasure chest	Wooden treasure chests that contain items. One opens when a Koopa Shell is thrown at it.
Strikable and spinnable objects
Bolt	Mario pushes bolts into the ground when he spins on top of them. Doing so grants him access to new areas or triggers nearby events.
Bowser Statue	Stone statues of Bowser that contain items. They are destroyed when struck by Bomb Boos or Bullet Bills.
Cage	Glass spheres. They contain objects of interest such as pipes, Star Bits, or Power Stars. In one mission, Luigi is trapped in a cage. They shatter when hit by Bullet Bills.
Coconut / Watermelon	Green fruits that can be launched when spun. Some enemies and bosses fire coconuts. Watermelons permanently replace them once Mario accumulates 9999 Star Bits on one save file. One otherwise appears in the center of a transparent planet in Deep Dark Galaxy.
Crystal	Gemstones that break when spun into. Most crystals are small, contain Star Bits, and are broken with a single spin. Others are large, contain Power Stars, and require three spins to be broken.
Giant Star Bit	Giant Star Bits that float in the set trajectory of Launch Stars. Colliding with one breaks it into seven collectible Star Bits.
Leaf pile	Leaf piles release Star Bits or coins when spun in.
Rock spire	Stalagmites. They fall apart when spun into. Some contain items.
Rubbery bulb	Bulbous plants. Spinning into one flings it forward and return with the same force exerted. Mario receives knockback if hit by the rebound. The plants rebound is halted if it collides with an enemy or object. They can be used to break objects and defeat enemies.
Shock Wave Generator	Spires that release waves of electricity when struck, stunning nearby enemies.
Snowman	Snowmen are destroyed with fireballs. They obstruct narrow paths in some instances.
Stone circle / Shell circle	A circle of eight objects embedded in the ground. Spinning inside the circle transforms the objects into Star Bits.
Tiny lamp	A shimmering protrusion in the ground. Firing a Star Bit at a tiny lamp turns it into a coin.
Torch	Lighting torches with fireballs solves puzzles and sometimes provides access to new areas.
Trash	Piles of garbage from Bob-omb Blasting. They are cleared with bombs.
Valve	Most valves release Star Bits when spun into the ground. One prevents the flow of water in Sea Slide Galaxy.
Ground-poundable objects
Stone wheel	Stone discs. Ground Pounding one breaks it and usually releases an item. Breaking a stone wheel sometimes changes an element of the area it is in. In some galaxies, there are multiple stone wheels stacked on top of each other.
Stump	Ground Pounding a stump either produces a coin or triggers an event that enables level progression, similar to Ground-Pound Switches.
Tennis ball	Yellow balls within a clear planet in Deep Dark Galaxy. Ground Pounding one launches it at a watermelon in the planet's center and makes it expand.
Trampoline	Trampolines bounce Mario into the air. Ground Pounding the surface of a trampoline launches Mario higher.
Climbable objects
Banandelion	Big dandelions. Mario grabs onto one by spinning. Continuing to spin makes Mario ascend up the flower and flings him.
Bar	Metal rods embedded into the caverns of Deep Dark Galaxy. Mario can swing from them to reach higher areas.
Hanging vine	A rope swing that Mario grabs onto when he jumps towards it. Moving the causes him to swing.
Honey wall	Hexagonal panels attached to the side of walls within levels. Mario can cling and crawl on them while in his Bee form.
Pole	Mario clings to a pole by jumping onto it. He can ascend, descend, and change which face of the pole he is on by moving . Pressing makes Mario jump from whichever face he is on.
Sproutle Vine	Twisting vines that sprout from the base of defeated Piranha Plants. Mario grabs and swings up one by spinning. Sproutle Vines enable Mario to travel from one area to another.
Swing	Trapezes made out of vines and flowers. Mario grabs onto one automatically when he makes contact with it. Moving back and forth makes him swing. A swing bar can be used to bring Mario over gaps between platforms.
Switches
Blue switch	Blue ! Switches. Ground Pounding one usually triggers a timed event or changes an element in the area it is encountered.
Flipswitch Panel	Blue panels that turn yellow when Mario steps on them. Stepping on all of the panels in a confined area turns the switches green and triggers access to a new area or the appearance of a Power Star.
Gravity switch	Switches that shift the gravitational pull from the floor to the ceiling. They only occur in areas on 2D planes.
Ground-Pound Switch	Buttons that trigger a change in the surrounding environment when Mario Ground Pounds them. A Ground-Pound Switch is only useable once. There are wooden and stone variants that are destroyed when activated.
Lever Switch	Levers that physically change the surrounding area, usually by granting Mario access to a new area by making a door or bridge appear. Mario uses one by spinning near it.
Platforms
Airship	Bowser's flying ships. Enemies patrol the decks. Some are equipped with cannons that fire hazardous projectiles. There are hatches on the floors of some airships. Ground-pounding one brings Mario inside the cargo hold.
Bolt Lift	Three giant bolts on a metal rod. The rod connects two distant areas. Walking perpendicular to the rod on the bolts makes them rotate, allowing Mario to travel between the areas.
Cloud	Floating platforms that Mario is normally too heavy to stand on. He can only do so in his Bee form. There are raining gray variants that move along set paths.
Conveyor Belt	Platforms with moving surfaces. A blue Conveyor Belt has giant chocolate bars built into it.
Cosmic block	Multi-shaped platforms. They initially float in space far away from Mario, but will immediately assemble into an established configuration if he approaches the intended space. They fall away if Mario moves away from the intended space, meaning the player does not have a permanent visual as to where the platforms are going to appear.
Float:159	Floats sink in water when stepped on, then rise back up.
Flower	Floating flowers that recede if Mario makes contact with them. He can only stand on them while in his Bee form.
Ice	Ice reduces Mario's traction and causes him to slide, but spinning causes Mario to start skating.
Lift	Moving platforms. Their designs and environmental context for moving depends on where they are encountered. Four wooden lifts attached to a pivot point appear in Honeyhive Galaxy that spin continuously, and there are similar lifts that look like lollipops in Toy Time Galaxy.
Ramp:42	Wooden ramps that enable traversal between two gravitational planes.
Robot turtle	Buoyant Koopa-like platforms that moves across the surface of water.
Rock platform:298	Rock platforms that sink into lava once stood on.
Shrinking platform	Checkerboard platforms that disappear once stood on.
Starshroom	Mushroom-shaped starships with their own centers of gravity. They were created by the Lumas for the Toad Brigade.
Steel platform:251	Platforms that sink in lava when stepped on, then rise back up.
Waterfall	Water overflowing the sides of elevated drops. In Beach Bowl Galaxy, a series of waterfalls can be ascended when Mario wall jumps between them in his Ice form.
Yellow square	Checkerboard tiles that flip downwards and turn indefinitely when stepped on.
Other objects
Arrow Sign	Signs that direct pla