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{{species infobox
|image=[[File:KoopatroopaNSMBU.png|225px]]<br>Artwork from ''[[New Super Mario Bros. U]]''
|first_appearance=''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' ([[List of games by date#1985|1985]])
|latest_appearance=''[[Mario & Luigi: Brothership]]'' ([[List of games by date#2024|2024]])
|variant_of=[[Koopa Troopa]]
|variants=[[Glad Red Koopa]]
|relatives=[[Big Koopa Troopa|Red Big Koopa Troopa]]<br>[[Climbing Koopa|Red Climbing Koopa]]<br>[[Koopa Paratroopa|Red Koopa Paratroopa]]<br>[[Unshelled Koopa]]
|notable=[[Elmo]]<br>[[Holly Koopa]]<br>[[Hookbill the Koopa]]<br>[[Kolorado's wife]]<br>[[Roving Racers|Red Koopa (Freerunning)]]<br>[[Koopa Bros.|Red Ninjakoopa]]
}}
'''Koopa Troopas''' (commonly shortened to '''Koopas''' or sometimes '''Troopas''') are anthropomorphic turtles with removable shells that come in many different colors, with green and red Koopa Troopas being the most common; green Koopa Troopas usually walk in a straight line until they hit a wall or fall into a bottomless pit, while red Koopa Troopas walk back and forth without walking off of the platforms they are on. Koopa Troopas are the most common members of the [[Koopa clan|Koopa species]]. Most serve as foot soldiers belonging to [[Bowser's Minions]], being the second most common enemy encountered by Mario behind the [[Goomba]]s. As revealed in ''[[Super Mario 64]]'', however, not all Koopa Troopas work for [[Bowser]] (or any other villain), some of whom even act as allies to [[Mario]] during his adventures, and have appeared as playable characters in various spin-off games starting with ''[[Super Mario Kart]]''. Koopa Troopas can utilize their shells in a variety of ways.

==History==
===''Super Mario'' series===
====''Super Mario Bros.'' / ''Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels''====
[[File:SMB Red Koopa Troopa.gif|thumb|left]]
Koopa Troopas are enemies in both ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' and ''[[Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels]]'', moving faster in the latter game. They also have a flying variety known as [[Koopa Paratroopa]]. If a Koopa Troopa is stomped, it recedes into [[Koopa Shell|shell]] and then kicked at other enemies. If the shell is left alone for a while, Koopa moves its legs before re-emerging. Red Koopa Troopas patrol a set area without walking off any edges, due to their timid nature.<ref>{{cite|date=1985|title=''Super Mario Bros.'' instruction booklet|format=PDF|publisher=Nintendo of America|language=en-us|page=11|quote=Very timid, he gets scared easily and runs back and forth a lot.}}</ref> If a Koopa Troopa is either hit from below or is [[stomp]]ed while falling, the shell is flipped upside down (like with its death animation), but it uprights itself after some time. A red Koopa Troopa is the [[Impostor Bowser|fake Bowser]] of [[World A-4]] of ''Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels''. In ''Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels'' only, Koopa Troopas can appear underwater, where they are depicted with light gray shells due to hardware limits.

====''Super Mario Bros. 3''====
Koopa Troopas return as enemies in ''Super Mario Bros. 3'', this time in most worlds. Unlike before, a Koopa in its shell can be picked up and tossed, which would also be the later appearances. The ending shows a Koopa standing on two feet, praying to [[Statue Mario]].
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====''Super Mario World''====
[[File:SMW Artwork Koopa Troopa (Red).png|thumb|upright=0.66|left|Artwork from ''Super Mario World'']]
[[File:KoopaRedL.gif|thumb|right]]
''[[Super Mario World]]'' marks many changes to Koopa Troopas. It introduces their recurring design of walking on two legs in-game and wearing shoes. Jumping on a Koopa knocks it out of its shell, becoming an [[Unshelled Koopa Troopa|unshelled Koopa]], stunning and leaving it vulnerable for a short period of time. To reclaim its shell, a Koopa has to walk back to it before Mario grabs it.
 
If Yoshi eats a [[Red Shell]], it allows him to spit fire. The game also introduces [[Climbing Koopa]]s, a variety that can climb on [[Chain-Link|fences]].

After the player completes the [[Special Zone]], or finds all exits in ''[[Super Mario World: Super Mario Advance 2]]'', all Koopa Troopas (except the climbing variants) become '''Mask Koopas''', with their respective shells becoming round masks that vaguely resemble Mario. With this, Red Koopas will be replaced with their Blue counterparts, although standalone unshelled Koopas will keep their original colors.
{{columns|
*[[Yoshi's Island 2]]
*[[Yoshi's Island 3]]
*[[Donut Plains 3]]
*[[Donut Plains 4]]
*[[Green Switch Palace]]
*[[Vanilla Dome 3]]
*Vanilla Dome 4
*[[Vanilla Secret 1]]
*Red Switch Palace
*Forest of Illusion 1
*[[Forest of Illusion 4]]
*[[Chocolate Island 3]]
*Sunken Ghost Ship
*[[Valley of Bowser 3]]
*Star World 1
*[[Star World 4]]
*[[Star World 5]]
*Groovy
*[[Mondo]]
*[[Funky (level)|Funky]]
}}

====''New Super Mario Bros.''====
Koopa Troopas appear in ''[[New Super Mario Bros.]]''. It can be ground-pounded into its shell be sent sliding. Koopa Troopas react to the [[Paah|vocal riffs]] in the music.

====''Super Mario Galaxy''====
[[File:SMG Red Troopa.png|thumb|upright=0.66|Screenshot from ''Super Mario Galaxy'']]
Koopa Troopas in ''[[Super Mario Galaxy]]'' walk on all-fours and do not wear shoes, like in the Famicom/NES titles. They always have angry expressions and retain their hiccup-like sounds. Only one red Koopa ever appears, near the lighthouse in the [[Sea Slide Galaxy]] - it walks noticeably quicker than the green ones. Koopas follow a set path (either back-and-forth in a straight line or in a circle) and can hurt the player when touched. A Koopa retreats into its shell if stomped or [[spin|spun]] into before re-emerging moments later. Spinning nearby one without hitting it will cause it to stop and tremble for a moment before resuming its patrol. Either throwing or breaking a Koopa's shell causes it to respawn in the same area it patrolled, an ability shared only with [[Cataquack]]s from the [[Beach Bowl Galaxy]]. [[Koopa Shell|Koopa shells]] are throwable items and are more common than Koopas themselves.

;Appearances
<div class="contentbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"data-expandtext="Show appearances"data-collapsetext="Hide appearances">
*[[File:SMG Asset Sprite Star Cursor.png]] marks missions where they are completely absent.
*[[File:Galaxy StarP.png]] marks missions where they are loaded and may be visible, but cannot be encountered directly.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-style="color:white;background:red"
!colspan=9|Red
|-style="color:white;background:red"
!Domes
!Galaxies
!colspan=7|Missions
|-
|[[Engine Room]]
|[[Sea Slide Galaxy]]
|[[File:Smg icon powerstar.png|link=Going after Guppy]]||[[File:Smg icon powerstar.png|link=Faster Than a Speeding Penguin]]||[[File:Smg icon powerstar.png|link=The Silver Stars of Sea Slide]]||[[File:SMG Asset Sprite Star Cursor.png|link=Underwater Cosmic Mario Race]]||[[File:SMG Asset Sprite Star Cursor.png|link=Purple Coins by the Seaside]]||[[File:Smg icon powerstar.png|link=Hurry, He's Hungry]]
|}
</div>
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====''New Super Mario Bros. Wii''====
[[File:RedKoopaTroopa.png|thumb]]
Koopa Troopas reappear in ''[[New Super Mario Bros. Wii]]'', acting as they did in the first ''New Super Mario Bros.'' Koopa Troopas once again dance to the [[Paah|vocal riffs]] in the background music by pausing and facing the screen, though they now do a bit of cha-cha. In this game, they appear in both green and red-colored shell variations. The green Koopa Troopas will walk in a straight line until they reach a wall, but red Koopa Troopas turn around when they reach a drop in the ground. Koopa Troopas can be defeated by [[Spin Jump]]s and [[Ground Pound]]s, and therefore are much simpler to defeat than in earlier games.

====''New Super Mario Bros. 2''====
Koopa Troopas return in ''[[New Super Mario Bros. 2]]''. They are generally the same as before, though activating a [[Gold Ring]] turns Koopa Troopas golden for a time. Gold-shelled Koopa Troopas form a trail of coins behind them if their shell travels along the ground. The player earns more coins incrementally as the gold Koopa Troopa hits enemies.
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====''New Super Mario Bros. U''====
Koopa Troopas reappear in ''[[New Super Mario Bros. U]]''. Koopa Troopas behave like they do in earlier appearances.

====''Super Mario Maker'' series====
Koopa Troopas are enemies in ''[[Super Mario Maker]]'', ''[[Super Mario Maker for Nintendo 3DS]]'', and ''[[Super Mario Maker 2]]'', retaining their behavior in every game style except the latter's ''Super Mario 3D World'' style, where Koopa Troopas cannot chase Mario. Koopa Troopas are enemies that can be placed in the Course Editor, starting out green but can be shook to become red. Koopa Troopas can be enlarged by a [[Super Mushroom]], and they can receive wings to become Koopa Paratroopas. They can be placed in [[Bill Blaster]]s, [[Warp Pipe]]s, and [[Block]]s.

When they are enlarged, their shells can break through blocks without bouncing. Koopa Shells are able to bounce on [[Trampoline]]s and [[Note Block]]s in this game. In the ''Super Mario World'', stomping a Koopa Troopa turns it into an [[Unshelled Koopa Troopa|unshelled Koopa]], which also occurs in the ''Super Mario 3D World'' style.

====''Super Mario Run''====
Koopa Troopas reappear in ''[[Super Mario Run]]'' and behave similarly to how they did in the ''New Super Mario Bros.'' games. Green Koopa Troopas and Red Koopa Troopas have different listings in the Notebook and are [[level up|levelled up]] separately. When Mario stomps on a Koopa Troopa, the shell is instantly sent sliding, without the need to stomp or kick the shell separately. Even still, attacking a block that a Koopa Troopa stands on throws the Koopa forward in non-spinning shell form. Koopas recover much faster than usual from this state, but it lasts long enough to walk into the shell given no impediments. When the player [[Vaulting|vault]]s over a Koopa Troopa, it retreats into its shell until the move ends. Using a [[Vaulting Jump]] will kick the shell. Stomping on them still grants coins, but does not count as defeating them on the Results screen and for leveling up. To level them up, they have to be defeated in ways that do not have them retreat into the shell, of which there are many. Examples include using another shell, [[roll]]ing into them, or being invincible.

====''Super Mario Odyssey''====
[[File:SandKingdomKoopaSMO.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|The Red Koopa Troopa that hosts the Trace-Walking minigame in the Sand Kingdom]]
Unlike other games of the ''[[Super Mario (series)|Super Mario]]'' series, Koopa Troopas are not enemies in ''[[Super Mario Odyssey]]'', except during the 8-bit segments. They wear irremovable hats, preventing Mario from potentially capturing them. A red Koopa Troopa wearing a sombrero appears as the host of the [[Sand Kingdom]]'s [[Koopa Trace-Walking]] minigame. The Koopa Troopa gives Mario a Power Moon if he gets 80 points. The Koopa Troopa later provides the opportunity for Mario to take on each trace-walking challenge again for more Power Moons, now from scoring 90 points or more, after Mario has broken the [[Moon Rock]]s in the respective kingdoms during the post-game. Another Red Koopa Troopa appears as one of the [[Roving Racers]].

====''Super Mario Bros. Wonder''====
[[File:A floating red koopa.png|thumb|left|A floating Koopa Troopa in zero gravity]]
Koopa Troopas return as enemies in ''[[Super Mario Bros. Wonder]]'' and have a hunched posture, similar to games of the [[Nintendo 64]] era. When the player is close enough, a Koopa Troopa sports an angry expression, similar to ''Super Mario Galaxy'' and ''Super Mario Galaxy 2''.
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===''Super Mario World'' television series===
{{quote|Do Koopa Troopas have shells? Besides, [[Luigi|little brother]], if I wasn't sure, would I do this?|[[Mario]]|"[[Fire Sale]]"}}
[[File:SMWCartoonTroopa.jpg|thumb|A Koopa Troopa in the ''Super Mario World'' television series episode "[[Fire Sale]]".]]
A single, red-shelled Koopa Troopa makes an appearance in the ''[[Super Mario World (television series)|Super Mario World]]'' episode "[[Fire Sale]]". This Koopa Troopa's design is truer to the games than that of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'', and is based on the Paratroopas that briefly appear in ''The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3'' episode "[[Do the Koopa]]". This is also the only Koopa Troopa to appear in the follow-ups from ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!''.

The Koopa Troopa in "Fire Sale" never speaks, and serves as [[Wendy|Kootie Pie Koopa's]] lackey and personal punching bag throughout the episode. Near the beginning of the episode, Kootie Pie jumps on the Koopa Troopa repeatedly, knocking him [[Unshelled Koopa Troopa|out of his shell]]. When Kootie Pie throws the Koopa Troopa back into his shell, he winds up wearing the shell backward and is stuck like that for a while. Despite the abuse he took, the Koopa Troopa has the last laugh towards Kootie Pie at the end, when she is frozen in a block of ice. The Koopa just reads a magazine and sips ice tea, ignoring Kootie Pie's complaints.

===''Mario Discovery'' series===
====''Mario is Missing!''====
[[File:Marioismissing.png|thumb|A Koopa behind Luigi in ''Mario is Missing!'']]
Koopas accompany Bowser and the [[Koopalings|Koopa Kids]] to the real world during the events of the [[Mario is Missing! (Super Nintendo Entertainment System)|SNES]] and [[Mario is Missing! (Nintendo Entertainment System)|NES versions of ''Mario is Missing!'']]. In this game, Bowser sends Koopas to different cities throughout [[Earth]], where they wreak havoc by stealing precious artifacts from various museums and national monuments. Before [[Luigi]] can advance through [[Bowser's Castle|Bowser's castle]], he must return every missing artifact to its place. The Koopas in this game do not resist Luigi's attacks, and it is impossible to be hurt by them. When jumped on, the Koopas without artifacts disappear, while the ones carrying artifacts either explode, take off like a rocket, or disintegrate into dust. This disintegration was a style commonly used in cartoons, where the body of a creature turns to dust until only its eyes remain. The eyes blink once and then disappear.

====''Mario's Time Machine''====
In the [[Mario's Time Machine (Nintendo Entertainment System)|NES version of ''Mario's Time Machine'']], Koopas must be defeated so [[Mario]] can get an item and warp to other times in history. They behave identically to the Koopas in ''Mario is Missing!''. In the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] version, red-shelled Koopas are found in a ''[[Mario Bros. (game)|Mario Bros.]]''-style arena to obtain the item. On the [[moon]], Koopas wear [[Space Troopa|space helmet]]s, which cover the tops of their shells whenever they retract into them.

===''Mario Kart'' series===
====''Mario Kart: Super Circuit''====
In ''[[Mario Kart: Super Circuit]]'', red Koopa Troopas can be seen at the awards ceremony at the end of a Grand Prix.

====''Mario Kart Tour''====
FREERUNNING, AUDIENCE

===''Hotel Mario''===
[[File:HMMortonsHotelStage2.png|thumb|A Koopa in ''Hotel Mario'']]
Koopa Troopas, known as '''Koopas''',<ref>{{cite|title=''Hotel Mario'' instruction book|page=15|date=1994|publisher=Philips|language=en}}</ref> are enemies in ''[[Hotel Mario]]''. In this game, Koopas open doors that Mario has to close. They can be defeated from either a stomp or a fireball attack.

The Koopas of [[Lemmy's High-ate Regency Hotel]] are red instead of green, possibly to differentiate from the green-shelled Flying Koopas; [[Bowser's Seizures Palace Hotel]] contains both green and red Koopas, depending on the stage. In this game, they are mere palette swaps.

===''Yoshi'' series===
====''Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island''====
Green and red varieties of Koopa Troopas do appear as enemies in ''[[Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island]]'', but not that often. They are first seen in the level [[Visit Koopa And Para-Koopa]]. Koopa Troopas can be knocked out of their shells, like in ''Super Mario World''. A red Koopa Troopa named [[Hookbill the Koopa]] serves as one of the bosses, beginning as a regular-sized Koopa Troopa before growing to a significantly larger four-legged Koopa Troopa.

====''Yoshi's Island DS''====
Koopa Troopas reappear in ''[[Yoshi's Island DS]]'', having the same role as before. The Koopa Troopas of ''Yoshi's Island DS'' resemble their design from ''Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island'', the only difference being a much lighter outline and a slight increase in size. 

====''Yoshi's New Island''====
Koopa Troopas in ''Yoshi's New Island'' resemble their usual design from other appearances around the time.

====''Yoshi's Woolly World'' / ''Poochy & Yoshi's Woolly World''====
[[File:YWW Koopa Troopa.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|A Koopa Troopa from ''Yoshi's Woolly World'']]
Red Koopa Troopas reappear in ''[[Yoshi's Woolly World]]'' and its [[Poochy & Yoshi's Woolly World|port]]. When a Red [[Koopa Paratroopa]] is hit with a yarn ball, it will turn into a Red Koopa Troopa.

====''Yoshi's Crafted World''====
Koopa Troopas of the red variety are enemies found only in [[Many Fish in the Sea]] in ''[[Yoshi's Crafted World]]''. 

===''Mario Party'' series===
====''Mario Party''====

====''Mario Party 2''====
[[File:RedKoopaMP.png|thumb|upright=0.5|left|A Koopa in ''Mario Party 2'']]
A Koopa Troopa appears in the introduction of ''[[Mario Party 2]]'', trying to warn the characters of Bowser's attack. One Koopa Troopa hosts the [[Koopa Bank]], and another one hosts the [[Item Shop]] in this game. In [[Tile Driver]], one of the pictures that sometimes needs to be made is a Koopa Troopa. A Koopa Troopa is attacked by Bowser at the end of each board, and the winning player rescues him before facing Bowser.

====''Mario Party 5''====
Two Koopa Troopas exit a church at the start of the [[Flower Shower (minigame)|Flower Shower]] minigame, with the red Koopa Troopa throwing a bouquet up in the sky, leaving players to collect as many within the time limit.

===''Super Smash Bros.'' series===
{{main-wiki|SmashWiki|Koopa Troopa}}
[[File:KoopaRed-SSE.png|thumb|200px|A Red Koopa Troopa in the Subspace Emissary.]]
In ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'', Koopa Troopas serve as part of [[Bowser]]'s army in [[smashwiki:Adventure Mode: The Subspace Emissary|The Subspace Emissary]], and they are encountered as enemies in certain stages. In one part, a Koopa had stolen [[Donkey Kong]] and [[Diddy Kong]]'s [[banana hoard]], so the two [[Kong]]s face off against several Koopa Troopas on a brief quest to retrieve their bananas. In one cutscene, Donkey Kong is shown to be able to break a Koopa's [[Koopa Shell|shell]] using his fist, which cannot occur during gameplay. Later on, Diddy Kong, [[Fox|Fox McCloud]], and [[Falco Lombardi]] also fight some Koopa Troopas while searching for the kidnapped Donkey Kong. Koopa Troopas are last seen being used by Bowser to attack {{iw|wikirby|Castle Dedede}} in order to steal the [[Trophy (Super Smash Bros. series)|trophies]] that he had amassed. In ''[[Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS]]'', Koopa Troopas appear as enemies in {{iw|smashwiki|Smash Run}}, behaving the same as their Subspace Emissary counterparts.

Koopa Troopas have also appeared in the form of various collectible items. In ''Super Smash Bros. Brawl'', there is a collectible trophy of a red Koopa Troopa. In ''[[Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS]]'', there is a red Koopa Troopa trophy exclusive to that version. 

===''Paper Mario'' series===
====''Paper Mario''====
Koopa Troopas are featured as both enemies and allies in ''[[Paper Mario]]''. The Koopa Troopas under Bowser's command have red shells, a pair of sunglasses, and spiked black armbands and collars similar to Bowser; they aid him in his plot to kidnap [[Princess Peach]].

In battle, they can withdraw into their shells and shoot themselves at [[Mario]]; they are capable of doing this outside of battle as well, and are generally the first enemy Mario encounters that can get a [[First Strike]] on him. Koopa Troopas are also the first foes encountered by Mario and company that have a defense stat of more than 0 - however, their defense can be reduced to 0 if they are flipped onto their backs with a Jump attack.

====''Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door''====
Koopa Troopas are both enemies and non-playable characters in ''[[Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door]]''. Enemy Koopas retain their red shells and accessories, but many of them are not under Bowser's command, unlike before. Peaceful Koopas often (but not always) wear green shells, and generally appear in [[Petalburg]].

Koopa Troopas are first seen as enemies in [[Petal Meadows]], appearing on the [[Path to Shhwonk Fortress]]. They also appear in [[Hooktail Castle]], where they are fought with or alongside [[Koopa Paratroopa|Paratroopas]], and rarely in [[Rogueport Underground]] after completing Chapter 5, where they may appear alongside an encountered [[Hammer Bro]], [[Koopatrol]], or [[Magikoopa]]. Their stats are almost identical to those in the previous game, except that their shell attack now has a power of 2; as usual, they are the first enemy with defense to appear in the game.

During the intermission platforming stages where Bowser becomes playable, he may encounter the same Koopa Troopas that Mario fights, but they will run away from Bowser when he approaches.

====''Super Paper Mario''====
[[File:SPM Red KoopaTroopa.png|100px|thumb|Artwork of an enemy red Koopa Troopa from ''Super Paper Mario''.]] 
Koopa Troopas reappear in ''[[Super Paper Mario]]'', where their color schemes are a bit different: enemy Koopas may now appear wearing either green or red shells and will walk off ledges or turn around depending on their shell color as in the main series of platformers. Koopas do not have as much Defense as previous appearances and only have 1 HP - but they are generally harder to defeat since stomping on them will cause them to retreat inside their shells. Mario and company can defeat one using {[[Boomer (Super Paper Mario)|Boomer]], [[Cudge]], or certain items, as well as another Koopa's shell.

The Koopa Troopas under Bowser's control are not as hostile towards Mario, and even attempt to save [[Princess Peach]] from [[Count Bleck]], but they still attack the player, including as Bowser. Koopa Troopas appear as enemies in many locations: [[Lineland Road]] (1-1), [[Mount Lineland]] (1-2), [[Gloam Valley]] (2-1), [[The Bitlands]] (3-1), [[The Dotwood Tree]] (3-3), [[Castle Bleck Entry]] (8-1), [[Castle Bleck Foyer]] (8-2), [[Castle Bleck Inner Sanctum]] (8-4). They are found within the [[Flipside Pit of 100 Trials]] in rooms 11, 14, 16, and 19.
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====''Paper Mario: Sticker Star''====
Koopa Troopas return in ''[[Paper Mario: Sticker Star]]''. Their beaks are now flat instead of curved, and their eyes are slightly smaller and more oval-shaped. These Koopa Troopas no longer wear sunglasses, and [[Shell]] [[sticker]]s (both normal and Shiny) allow Mario to call in friendly Koopas for assistance; regular Shell stickers summoning green Koopa Troopas, while Shiny Shell stickers summon red Koopa Troopas. Koopa Troopas attack by folding into shells and ramming into Mario; the attack deals more damage than in previous games, and occasionally inflicts the [[dizzy]] status. Using a Tail Sticker can reliably defeat them. Koopa Troopas can be beaten with a First Strike without battling once the player has obtained six [[MAX UP Heart|HP-Up Heart]]s.
{{br}}

====''Paper Mario: Color Splash''====
[[File:PMCS Koopa Troopa dancing 2.png|thumb|upright=0.66|A dancing Red Koopa Troopa]]
Green Koopa Troopas and red Koopa Paratroopas appear in ''[[Paper Mario: Color Splash]]'' as enemies. When a Koopa Paratroopa is jumped on, it loses its wings and becomes a normal red Koopa Troopa.

Koopa Troopas attack by pulling into their shells and ramming Mario as usual, doing 7 HP of damage. When a Koopa Troopa is jumped on, it will go into its shell - if attacked again, it will be kicked into the enemies behind it; if there is a wall behind them, it will bounce back and hit Mario. They will be knocked onto their shells if a [[POW Block]] is used. If summoned into battle using an Enemy Card, a Koopa will use a Shell Shot attack to deal 21 damage to all grounded enemies, similarly to the Shell sticker from the previous game. The shell will bounce off of any walls, dealing a second hit to the enemies but also damaging Mario. Enemies can also send the Koopa's shell flying towards Mario if they use jump attacks on the Koopa between turns.

Some Koopa Troopas appear as NPCs in levels such as [[The Golden Coliseum]] and the [[Sunset Express]]. Three green and three red Koopa Troopas dance in [[Birdo]]'s concert at [[Plum Park]].

====''Paper Mario: The Origami King''====
Koopa Troopas appear in ''[[Paper Mario: The Origami King]]'' as members of the [[Folded Soldiers]], giant [[Paper Macho Soldier]]s, and ordinary paper Koopa Troopas. In [[Picnic Road]], the Koopa Troopas are shown worshipping the [[Earth Vellumental]] as a deity.

===''Game & Watch Gallery 4''===
In ''[[Game & Watch Gallery 4]]'', Red Koopa Troopas appear as enemies in the Modern version of [[Donkey Kong (Game & Watch)|Donkey Kong]].

===''Super Princess Peach''===
Koopas, as they are simply called, are featured as enemies in ''[[Super Princess Peach]]'', being based on their appearance in the ''[[Super Mario (series)|Super Mario]]'' series but using their design from the ''[[Yoshi (series)|Yoshi]]'' series. Besides the green and red types, the game adds two varieties: [[Mad Green Koopa]]s and [[Glad Red Koopa]]s.

===''Mario Baseball'' series===
Koopa Troopas appear as team players in ''[[Mario Superstar Baseball]]'', along with ''[[Mario Super Sluggers]]''. Only two colors are playable, both of them being green and red variants. In both games, the Koopa Troopas has good [[chemistry]] with [[Bowser]], [[Koopa Paratroopa]] and [[Dry Bones]].

In ''Mario Superstar Baseball'', the green Koopa Troopa is a balanced type player, but its pitching is slightly weak. The red Koopa Troopa sacrifices some speed to enhance its batting skills. Koopas can also been seen as spectators at Mario Stadium, especially during the opening cinematic.

In ''Mario Super Sluggers'', both Koopa Troopas have good batting and running skills. However, their pitching and fielding skills are weak. In addition to having good chemistry with Bowser, Koopa Paratroopa, and Dry Bones, they also have good chemistry with [[Bowser Jr.]] They are one of the few characters in the game to not have bad chemistry with any characters. In the cinematic that plays after defeating Bowser in Challenge Mode, a Koopa is briefly seen celebrating with the other characters before the fleet marches towards the entrance of the Baseball Kingdom, looking towards the sunset until the lights turn on for the night.

===''Mario Strikers'' series===
In the [[Mario Strikers|''Mario Strikers'' series]], Koopa Troopas are sidekick characters in ''[[Super Mario Strikers]]'' and ''[[Mario Strikers Charged]]''. Depending on which team captain is selected, the colors of a Koopa may vary regarding its skin, shell, and uniform. In ''Mario Strikers Charged'', a Koopa Troopa's skin color for all variants remains yellow, and their shells are overlapped with pieces of armor.

===''Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition''===
[[File:PDSMBE-RedKoopaTroopa-TeamImage.png|frame|100px|left]]
Red Koopa Troopas are Fire-attribute enemies. In battle, they may occasionally use '''Red Shell''' to nullify Wood attribute damage for two turns. When defeated, it may randomly drop a [[Baddie Block#Fire Block|Fire Block]] of itself. As Fire enemies, they take extra damage from Water attribute attacks and less from Wood damage. 

As teammates, they have an HP rating of 3/6, an ATK rating of 1/6, and an RCV rating of 0/6. Their Red Shell Skill changes any Water Orbs on the player's Orb field into Fire Orbs, while their Awoken Skill '''Fire Boost''' raises the ATK of any Fire attribute teammates when the player clears a horizontal row of Fire Orbs. Like Green Koopa Troopas, Red variants also use Fruits and Rare Fruits to raise their Skill Levels. The player can transform a Red Koopa Troopa into a Red Koopa Paratroopa using two P-Wings and can be transformed even further into a [[Dry Bones]] using six [[Boo Mushroom]]s. The player can also transform a Red Koopa Troopa into '''Red Koopa Troopa & Cheep Cheep''' by using three [[Cheep Cheep Coin]]s.

One of [[Larry|Larry Koopa]]'s forms as a teammate has a Red Koopa Troopa accompanying him, and is named '''Larry & Red Koopa Troopa'''. 

===''Skylanders: SuperChargers''===
[[File:SSC Bowser 1.jpg|thumb|left|Hammer Slam Bowser and several Koopa Troopas in ''Skylanders: SuperChargers'']]
Koopa Troopas appear in ''[[Skylanders: SuperChargers]]'' as part of Bowser's moveset, exclusively on the Nintendo console versions of the game.

===''Mario Sports Superstars''===
Koopa Troopas are playable side characters of the balance type in soccer and baseball in ''[[Mario Sports Superstars]]''. Green and red varieties are in both sports. Koopa Troopas are also enemies in Road to Superstar. 

===''Mario & Luigi'' series===
====''Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions''====

====''Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey''====
Red and green Koopa Troopas return in ''[[Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey]]'', where they additionally are found as enemies in the ''[[Bowser Jr.'s Journey]]'' mode. Red Koopa Troopas have the Special Skill Charging Champ and are strong against all four [[Para-Biddybud]] variants. Red Koopa Troopas are weak to Dry Bones, pink [[Shy Guy]]s and [[Spike]]s.

====''Mario & Luigi: Brothership''====
Koopa Troopas appear as enemies in ''[[Mario & Luigi: Brothership]]'', found in [[Offandon Island]] and [[Bowser's Castle]]. One Koopa Troopa can retreat into its shell while another kicks the Koopa Troopa at Mario or Luigi, which must be jumped over. If the kicking Koopa Troopa spins, the shell moves slower and goes for the brother the kicking Koopa Troopa was not facing. If Mario or Luigi jump on the Koopa Troopa shell, they can kick it at other enemies like when using the Green Shell Bros. Attack, although Mario or Luigi take damage if they miss a kick. On their own, a Koopa Troopa can retreat into its shell and charge at a brother, who must counter with the hammer and damages another enemy if successful.

While only green shelled Koopa Troopas are fought in battle, red shelled Koopa Troopas appear as NPCs.

===''Mario Tennis Aces''===
In ''[[Mario Tennis Aces]]'', Koopa Troopa is an opponent in the Adventure Mode mission [[Battle Boat]]. He is also a playable character of the Speedy type, like in ''Mario Power Tennis''. Since an update on August 1, 2018, Koopa was made available to all players, although participants of the July 2018 online tournament could play as Koopa Troopa earlier. Unlike before, Koopa Troopa was made available in three color palettes: green, red, and blue.

===''Mario Golf: Super Rush''===
In ''[[Mario Golf: Super Rush]]'', Koopa Troopas appear in the [[Bonny Greens]] practice area and the [[Rookie Course]]. Starting from ''Mario Golf: Super Rush''{{'}}s version 3.0.0 update, a Koopa Troopa was added as a playable character, and his [[Special Shot (Mario Golf: Super Rush)|Special Shot]] is the Shell Skipper, which can bounce the ball further down the hole. Participating in certain online tournaments allows the player to unlock a red alternate color for the Koopa Troopa.

===''The Super Mario Bros. Movie''===
Koopa Troopas appear in ''[[The Super Mario Bros. Movie]]'', where they are the main troops in [[Bowser]]'s army. They resemble the same look in the games, but they have helmets that look like their main armor for combat. They use spears, knives, and scepters for weapons.

The Koopa Troopas are first seen when they invade the [[Snow Kingdom (The Super Mario Bros. Movie)|Snow Kingdom]] to steal the [[Super Star]] so [[Bowser]] can take over the world. In their second appearance, they are having a rave party with heavy metal music with the rest of [[Bowser's Minions]]. After Bowser declares that he will marry [[Princess Peach]], when one of the Koopa Troopas asks him "what if she says no," [[Bowser]] incinerates him completely into a [[Dry Bones]]. Later in the film, when the [[Koopa General]] reports to Bowser that [[Mario]], Peach, and [[Toad]] are taking a shortcut through Rainbow Road with the Kong Army, Bowser assembles an army of Koopa Troopas, led by the Koopa General, to ambush them on the way. The Koopas hold off the Kongs while the Koopa General chases Mario and eventually capture the Kongs and bring them in as prisoners for the sacrifice at Bowser and Peach's wedding. While some of the Koopa Troopas, accompanied by Goombas and other minions, raid the kingdom, most of them arrive at the wedding.

===Other appearances===
[[File:zodacamel.png|thumb|left|''Zoda's Revenge: StarTropics II'']]
In ''[[nwiki:Zoda's Revenge: StarTropics II|Zoda's Revenge: StarTropics II]]'', the person holding the pizza which the player must deliver to Cleopatra rides a Koopa Troopa.

In the Wii U version of ''[[nwiki:Scribblenauts Unlimited|Scribblenauts Unlimited]]'', Koopa Troopas (in red and green) can be spawned.

===Unused appearances===
====''Super Mario 64 DS''====
An unused yet fully functional red Koopa Troopa is located within the game code of ''[[Super Mario 64 DS]]''. When it sees the player, the red Koopa Troopas runs into them and knocks them around, unlike the green ones. Red Koopa Troopas cannot have their shells ridden, but they can be kicked to hit other enemies. [[Yoshi]] can spew fire after eating a red Koopa Troopa.
{{br}}

==List of appearances==
{|class=wikitable
!width=30%|Title
!width=20%|Year
!width=20%|System/Format
|-
|''[[Super Mario Bros.]]''||1985||[[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]]
|-
|''[[VS. Super Mario Bros.]]''||1986||Arcade
|-
|''[[Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels]]''||1986||NES (Disk System)
|-
|''[[Super Mario Bros. Special]]''||1986||{{wp|PC-8800 series|NEC PC-88}}
|-
|''[[All Night Nippon: Super Mario Bros.]]''||1986||NES (Disk System)
|-
|''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]''||1988||NES
|-
|''[[Super Mario World]]''||1990||[[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|SNES]]
|-
|''[[Super Mario World (television series)|Super Mario World]]'' - "[[Fire Sale]]"||1991||TV Episode
|-
|''[[Mario is Missing! (Super Nintendo Entertainment System)|Mario is Missing!]]''||1993||SNES
|-
|''[[Mario is Missing! (Nintendo Entertainment System)|Mario is Missing!]]''||1993||NES
|-
|''[[Super Mario All-Stars]]''
|-
|''[[Mario's Time Machine (Nintendo Entertainment System)|Mario's Time Machine]]''
|-
|''[[Hotel Mario]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island]]''
|-
|''[[Excitebike: Bun Bun Mario Battle]]''
|-
|''[[Mario Party]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario Bros. Deluxe]]''
|-
|''[[Mario Party 2]]''
|-
|''[[Paper Mario]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario World: Super Mario Advance 2]]''
|-
|''[[Yoshi's Island: Super Mario Advance 3]]''
|-
|''[[Game & Watch Gallery 4]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario Advance 4: Super Mario Bros. 3]]''
|-
|''[[Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door]]''
|-
|''[[WarioWare: Twisted!]]''
|-
|''[[Mario Superstar Baseball]]''
|-
|''[[Super Princess Peach]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario Strikers]]''
|-
|''[[New Super Mario Bros.]]''
|-
|''[[Yoshi's Island DS]]''
|-
|''[[Super Paper Mario]]''
|-
|''[[Mario Strikers Charged]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario Galaxy]]''
|-
|''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]''
|-
|''[[Mario Super Sluggers]]''
|-
|''[[New Super Mario Bros. Wii]]''
|-
|''[[New Super Mario Bros. 2]]''
|-
|''[[Paper Mario: Sticker Star]]''
|-
|''[[Yoshi's New Island]]''
|-
|''[[NES Remix 2]]''
|-
|''[[Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS]]''
|-
|''[[Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition]]''
|-
|''[[Yoshi's Woolly World]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario Maker]]''
|-
|''[[Skylanders: SuperChargers]]''
|-
|''[[Paper Mario: Color Splash]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario Maker for Nintendo 3DS]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario Run]]''
|-
|''[[Poochy & Yoshi's Woolly World]]''
|-
|''[[Mario Sports Superstars]]''
|-
|''[[Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario Odyssey]]''
|-
|''[[Mario Tennis Aces]]''
|-
|''[[Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey]]''
|-
|''[[Yoshi's Crafted World]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario Maker 2]]''
|-
|''[[Mario Kart Tour]]''
|-
|''[[Paper Mario: The Origami King]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario Bros. 35]]''
|-
|''[[Mario Golf: Super Rush]]''
|-
|''[[The Super Mario Bros. Movie]]''
|-
|''[[Super Mario Bros. Wonder]]''
|-
|''[[Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door (Nintendo Switch)|Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door]]''
|}

==Profiles and statistics==
{{main|List of Koopa Troopa profiles and statistics}}
===''Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door''===
{{:Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door bestiary|transcludesection=Koopa Troopa|align=horizontal|image=[[File:PMTTYD Red Koopa Troopa Sprite.png]]}}

==Gallery==
{{main-gallery}}
<gallery>
SMBLL Red Koopa Troopa Artwork.png|''[[Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels]]''
</gallery>

==Naming==
===Names in other languages===
{{Foreign names
|Jpn=あかノコノコ
|JpnR=Aka Nokonoko
|JpnM=Red Koopa Troopa
|JpnC=<ref name=notebook/><ref name=kazuma/>{{ref page|42}}<ref name=portal_world/>
|Jpn2=ノコノコ （アカ）
|Jpn2R=Nokonoko (Aka)
|Jpn2M=Koopa Troopa (Red)
|Jpn2C=<ref name=SMB1J/>{{ref page|11}}<ref name=itoi/>
|Jpn3=ノコノコ （赤）
|Jpn3R=Nokonoko (Aka)
|Jpn3M=^
|Jpn3C=<ref name=sakaiCOLORS/>
|ChiT=紅色慢慢龜
|ChiTR=Hóngsè Mànman Guī
|ChiTM=Red Slow Slow Turtle
|ChiTC=<ref name=notebook/>
|Dut=Rode Koopa Troopa
|DutM=Red Koopa Troopa
|DutC=<ref name=notebook/><ref>{{cite|date=2023|title=Ensemble d’extension L'aventure dans la neige de Morsinet #71417|url=www.lego.com/nl-nl/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417|language=nl|publisher=LEGO|accessdate=8 Apr. 2025|archive=web.archive.org/web/20230122001117/https://www.lego.com/nl-nl/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417}}</ref>
|Dut2=Koopa Troopa (rood)
|Dut2M=Koopa Troopa (red)
|Dut2N=''Super Mario Bros.''
|Dut2C=<ref name=palnes/>{{ref page|33}}
|Dut3=Koopa Troopa ROOD
|Dut3M=Koopa Troopa RED
|Dut3N=''Super Mario Bros. Deluxe''
|Dut3C=<ref name=GBC/>{{ref page|78}}
|Fin=Punainen Koopa Troopa
|FinM=Red Koopa Troopa
|FinC=<ref name=suomi/>
|Fre=Koopa rouge
|FreM=Red Koopa
|FreC=<ref name=trophy/><ref name=notebook/><ref>{{cite|date=2023|title=Ensemble d’extension L'aventure dans la neige de Morsinet #71417|url=www.lego.com/fr-fr/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417|language=fr|publisher=LEGO|accessdate=8 Apr. 2025|archive=web.archive.org/web/20230207144327/https://www.lego.com/fr-fr/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417}}</ref>
|Fre2=Soldat Koopa (rouge)
|Fre2M=Koopa soldier (red)
|Fre2N=''Super Mario Bros.''
|Fre2C=<ref name=palnes/>{{ref page|11}}
|Fre3=Soldat Koopa ROUGE
|Fre3M=Koopa Soldier RED
|Fre3N=''Super Mario Bros. Deluxe''
|Fre3C=<ref name=GBC/>{{ref page|58}}
|Ger=Roter Koopa
|GerM=Red Koopa
|GerC=<ref name=trophy/><ref name=notebook/><ref>{{cite|date=2023|title=Kahlross-Abenteuer – Erweiterungsset #71417|url=www.lego.com/de-de/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417|language=de|publisher=LEGO|accessdate=8 Apr. 2025|archive=web.archive.org/web/20230207144151/https://www.lego.com/de-de/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417}}</ref>
|Ger2=Kupa-Soldat (rot) 
|Ger2M=Koopa-Soldier (red)
|Ger2N=''Super Mario Bros.''
|Ger2C=<ref name=german/>{{ref page|11}}
|Ger3=Rote Koopa-Schildkröte
|Ger3M=Red Koopa-Tortoise
|Ger3N=''Super Mario Bros. 3''
|Ger3C=<ref name=matsumoto/>
|Ger4=Koopa-Schildkröte ROT
|Ger4M=Koopa-Tortoise RED
|Ger4N=''Super Mario Bros. Deluxe''
|Ger4C=<ref name=GBC/>{{ref page|38}}
|Ita=Koopa rosso
|ItaC=<ref name=trophy/><ref name=notebook/><ref>{{cite|date=2023|title=Pack di espansione Avventura sulla neve di Tricherino #71417|url=www.lego.com/it-it/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417|language=it|publisher=LEGO|accessdate=8 Apr. 2025|archive=web.archive.org/web/20230604103217/https://www.lego.com/it-it/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417}}</ref>
|ItaM=Red Koopa
|Ita2=Koopa Troopa (rosso)
|Ita2C=<ref name=ita/>{{ref page|11}}
|Ita2M=Koopa Troopa (red)
|Ita2N=''Super Mario Bros.''
|Ita3=Koopa Troopa ROSSO
|Ita3C=<ref name=GBC/>{{ref page|116}}
|Ita3M=RED Koopa Troopa
|Ita3N=''Super Mario Bros. Deluxe''
|Ita4=Koopa Troopa rosso
|Ita4C=<ref name=itaGBA/><ref name=SMBEita/>{{ref page|36, 55, 115, 195, 210}}
|Ita4M=Red Koopa Troopa
|Ita4N=''NES Classic Series: Super Mario Bros.'', ''Super Mario Bros. Encyclopedia'' (''Super Mario Bros. 3'', ''Super Mario World'', ''New Super Mario Bros.'', ''New Super Mario Bros. 2'', ''New Super Mario Bros. U'')
|Ita5=Koopa Troopa Rosso
|Ita5C=<ref name=SMBEita/>{{ref page|19, 27, 128, 145}}
|Ita5M=Red Koopa Troopa
|Ita5N=''Super Mario Bros. Encyclopedia'' (''Super Mario Bros.'', ''Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels'', ''Super Mario Galaxy'', ''New Super Mario Bros. Wii'')
|Kor=빨강엉금엉금
|KorR=Ppalgang Eonggeum-eonggeum
|KorM=Red Koopa Troopa
|KorC=<ref name=notebook/><ref>{{cite|date=2023|title=물멍이가 있는 호수 확장팩 #71417|url=www.lego.com/ko-kr/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417|language=ko|publisher=LEGO|accessdate=8 Apr. 2025|archive=web.archive.org/web/20230324104902/https://www.lego.com/ko-kr/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417}}</ref>
|PorE=Koopa Troopa Vermelho
|PorEM=Red Koopa Troopa
|PorEC=<ref>{{cite|date=2023|title=Set de Expansão A Aventura na Neve de Fliprus #71417|url=www.lego.com/pt-pt/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417|language=pt|publisher=LEGO|accessdate=8 Apr. 2025|archive=web.archive.org/web/20230207144729/https://www.lego.com/pt-pt/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417}}</ref>
|PorA=Koopa vermelho
|PorAM=Red Koopa
|PorAC=<ref name=notebook/>
|Rus=Красный купа
|RusR=Krasnyy kupa
|RusM=Red koopa
|RusC=<ref name=notebook/>
|Spa=Koopa Rojo
|SpaM=Red Koopa
|SpaC=<ref>{{cite|date=2023|title=Set de Expansión: Aventura en la nieve de la Morsik #71417|url=www.lego.com/es-es/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417|language=es|publisher=LEGO|accessdate=8 Apr. 2025|archive=web.archive.org/web/20221120220938/https://www.lego.com/es-es/product/fliprus-snow-adventure-expansion-set-71417}}</ref>
|Spa2=Koopa rojo
|Spa2M=Red Koopa
|Spa2C=<ref name=trophy/><ref name=notebook/>
|Spa3=Koopa Troopa rojo
|Spa3M=Red Koopa Troopa
|Spa3N=''Super Mario Bros.''
|Spa3C=<ref name=spanish/>{{ref page|11}}
|Spa4=Koopa Troopa ROJO
|Spa4M=Koopa Troopa RED
|Spa4N=''Super Mario Bros. Deluxe''
|Spa4C=<ref name=GBC/>{{ref page|98}}
}}

==References==
<references/>