Editing Minus World

{{world infobox
|image=[[File:SMB Minus World.png]]
|game=''[[Super Mario Bros.]]''
|levels=Alternates
|before=<<
|after=>>
}}
The '''Minus World''', or '''World -1''', is an impassable [[glitch]] level in ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' that can be accessed from a [[Warp Zone]]. It is an underwater [[level]], exactly like [[World 7-2 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 7-2]] in geography and enemy locations. However, the destination of the [[Warp Pipe]] at the end is not updated, so it returns the player to the start of the level. As a result, once the player is there, it is [[Unwinnable state|impossible to leave]] without getting a [[Game Over]] or resetting.

The glitch was given its name by fans because its number displays as <code>&nbsp;-1</code>. The actual number is '''World 36-1''' in {{wp|decimal}} (World 24-1 in {{wp|hexadecimal}}), but the game displays a blank graphic for the number 36, so all the player can see is the -1.<ref name=world36>[http://www.transmissionzero.co.uk/computing/mario-minus-world/ Minus World] Accessed 2009-01-04 "The 'Minus World' isn't a secret bonus level, and in fact isn't really numbered "−1" at all. The level is actually numbered "36–1", but the number "36" happens to be represented by a blank tile in the game. This gives the impression that the screen reads 'World −1'."</ref>

The glitch was first described in the [[Nintendo Power issue 3|3rd issue]] of ''[[Nintendo Power]]'',<ref>''[[Nintendo Power]]'' Volume 3, page 55.</ref> and was later featured in its 100th issue.<ref>''[[Nintendo Power]]'' Volume 100, page 68.</ref> It has been referenced in several later games.

==Methods of access==
{{rewrite|section=yes|Unclear instructions|June 5, 2024}}
===Warp Zone===
[[File:SMB How to Get to Minus World.gif|How to pass through the wall and reach World -1|thumb|Mario passes through the wall and enters World -1.]]
The player can access the Minus World from [[World 1-2 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 1-2]], using glitches to reach the Warp Zone without scrolling it completely onto the screen, namely by clipping [[Mario]] (or [[Luigi]]) through the wall before it. There are several common setups to do so.

In one setup, Mario begins on the horizontal part of the Warp Pipe that leads to the normal exit. From the far left end of the pipe, he must [[crouch]] while facing left, and [[jump]] right, so that when he is about to come back down, he is just under the ceiling. It may take the player several tries, as Mario must land in an exact spot on the vertical pipe in order to travel through it.<ref>[https://youtu.be/TqtSXD3JKcE A YouTube video showing how to perform the glitch while ducking]</ref> If this is done correctly, he will automatically move through the pipe (without the screen moving) and then through the wall and into the Warp Zone room. If not even one pixel of the pipe is showing, Mario will be trapped until the [[Time Limit]] runs out.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptsqEvqmuz0 A video of the glitch performed, on YouTube]</ref>{{dead link}}

A potentially more difficult and time-intensive setup involves breaking the second and third [[Brick Block]]s from the right on the ceiling, leaving one overhanging next to the top of the pipe. Mario must then move to the far left end of the pipe and jump to the right. He does not have to crouch, as he can try to hit the bottom-left portion of the block without breaking it. If done correctly, Mario clips through the block, then the pipe and wall.<ref>[https://youtu.be/AuayHkWuH1E?t=44 A video of the glitch performed (without ducking), on YouTube]</ref>

Once in the Warp Zone room, entering the left or right pipes leads to the Minus World. The middle pipe leads to [[World 5-1 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 5-1]]. (This advances the player further than normal, although it skips past the Warp Zone from [[World 4-2 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 4-2]] to [[World 8 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 8]].) However, if the screen is scrolled all the way over so that the "Welcome to Warp Zone!" message appears, the Warp Zone is correctly loaded and the pipes lead to their intended destinations.

It is not possible to enter the Minus World from either of the Warp Zones in World 4-2. Through hacking, the pipes in the zone above the beanstalk are shown to lead back to the beginning of that section while the pipe leading to World 5-1 functions normally.<ref>[https://youtu.be/1bEgOm84dFE?t=347 Video of 4-2 Warp Pipe experiment]</ref>

===Cartridge swapping===
Another method of accessing glitch worlds, including the Minus World, involves swapping cartridges with ''{{wp|Tennis (1984 video game)|Tennis}}'' while the power is on, which can potentially damage the console's hardware.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik0LY8LVsM0 Experiments with the Tennis cartridge]</ref> This glitch is due to the coincidental usage of the same RAM area between the two games that prevents a fail-safe from clearing the value which would normally store the most recently played world, which is used when holding the A button down on the start screen to continue a world after a Game Over. This value is overwritten by a footstep sound effect counter in ''Tennis''.<ref>[https://youtu.be/hrFHNgJlJSg Access Glitch Worlds in Super Mario Bros. via NES Tennis]</ref>

==Cause==
{{rewrite-expand|section=yes|More precise technical information; why the wrong Warp Zone data is used unless it is fully scrolled in; why World 36 specifically|June 5, 2024}}
The reason the middle pipe leads to World 5-1 is that the game is loading data from the World 4-2 over-the-top Warp Zone (not the one above the vine) that has only one pipe to World 5-1, and it does not realize that the player is in the World 1-2 Warp Zone until the room is completely loaded, i.e., the brick wall becomes visible. The other two pipes in that Warp Zone are blank and registered as "36" (the number used for blank tiles in the game), causing the game to lead to World 36 when the player enters the world, hence the Minus World.

As shown in some editor utilities, the first Warp Zone that can take the player to the Minus World initially loads the data for the second Warp Zone, which normally has only one Warp Pipe in the center, until the "Welcome to Warp Zone!" message appears. The two empty slots on the left and right sides would read "36" if a graphic were to exist for that number. If two additional pipes are added in the appropriate places in this Warp Zone, they send Mario to the Minus World without executing the glitch. This explains why the second pipe, if the player performs the glitch, takes the player to World 5 instead of World 3 or the Minus World.

==Other versions==
===Family Computer Disk System port===
[[File:MinusWorldJapan.png|thumb|The Family Computer Disk System version of the Minus World]]
In the [[Family Computer Disk System]] port of ''Super Mario Bros.'', the Minus World is accessed the same way, but it is very different in design<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xB2i-QOsBpw A YouTube video of the FDS version of the Minus World]</ref> due to the game loading different data as level data.

World -1 is just like [[World 5-3 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 5-3]] but with underwater gameplay (despite lacking actual visual water) and some unusual elements, such as multiple floating [[Princess Peach|Princess Toadstools]] without hitboxes, a floating headless [[Bowser]], a misplaced [[Hammer Bro]], as well as all objects using the "underwater" palettes (that is, green is replaced by gray), causing odd visuals. If the player defeats the headless Bowser, the game will crash near the flagpole, though there is a small chance for the game not to crash and the player will instead receive a few fireworks.

The level has a [[Goal Pole]] (without the flag), allowing the level to be completed normally. It can easily stop the game from progressing if touched too high, however. The level eventually leads to '''World -2''', a copy of [[World 7-3 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 7-3]]. However, the [[checkpoint]] is placed beneath the bridge, leading to an [[unwinnable state]] if Mario dies during the level. This level can also be completed normally and leads to '''World -3''', a copy of [[World 4-4 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 4-4]] that lacks its [[fake Bowser]] and maze elements, is set underground, and filled with flying [[Blooper|Bloober]]s that can be stomped for 1,000 [[point]]s. This weakness is otherwise unused due to Mario having different physics underwater, though it does appear in ''[[Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels]]''. In addition, upon the player completing the level, Toad's message of "Thank you, Mario! But our princess is in another castle!" plays as normal, despite Toad's sprite being missing.

Beating World -3 takes the player to the title screen, as the game treats completing a castle level in World 8 or later as beating the game. If the player starts the game again after going through the Minus World, [[Hard Mode]] will be activated as normal.

===''VS. Super Mario Bros.''===
[[File:VSSMB Minus World.png|thumb|World -1 in ''[[VS. Super Mario Bros.]]'']]
In ''[[VS. Super Mario Bros.]]'', which is harder than the original home console version, some bricks located above the end pipe are removed to prevent the trick from being performed.

However, it is not impossible to access. It can be accessed by clipping through the bricks under the pipe<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzoziO7geG0 A video of the glitch being performed in the arcade version.]</ref> or the pipe itself.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3fl8xvzm7Y Another video with a slightly different method.]</ref> This version of the Minus World resembles the underwater portion of [[World 6-2 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 6-2]]. This room is actually the first level to exist in the ''Super Mario Bros.'' code in all versions.

===''Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels''===
Attempting to do this with the Warp Zone pipe to [[World 4 (Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels)|World 4]] in [[World 1-2 (Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels)|World 1-2]] of ''[[Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels]]'' will lead to two possible outcomes. First, it can send Mario or Luigi to the bonus area in another part of the level.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSeEby9qncA Glitch to 1-2 bonus area]</ref> Second, it could send him back to the underground bonus area of [[World 1-1 (Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels)|World 1-1]]. The computer will still recognize the level as World 1-2 and the time will not reset. Completing it will send the player to [[World 1-3 (Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels)|World 1-3]].<ref>[https://youtu.be/pCN4EziwS8k?t=910 Tutorial: How to Beat Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels in 7:56]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHPCK8sGuuo TAS run showing the glitch to 1-1 bonus area]</ref>

===''All Night Nippon: Super Mario Bros.''===
By using the same trick in ''[[All Night Nippon: Super Mario Bros.]]'', if Mario enters the leftmost pipe, he will instead be transported through the end-of-level pipe and be able to progress to World 1-3. If he enters the other pipes, he will be sent back to World 1-1, but it will be labeled 1-2 with the time not having been reset and all pipes hosting [[Piranha Plant]]s. If he completes this level, he progresses to World 1-3, but dying sends him back to the real World 1-2.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FlsvjKF94Gc All Night Nippon 1-2 Warp Zone Oddities]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090922184453/http://sydlexia.com/all_night_nippon_smb.htm All Night Nippon Super Mario Bros.]</ref>

===''Super Luigi Bros.''===
The Minus World can be entered in ''[[Super Luigi Bros.]]'' found in ''[[NES Remix 2]]''; however, due to Luigi's higher jumps, it is trickier to do so than in the original game. Like the rest of this mode, it is mirrored so Luigi has to swim from right to left.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSngR733xdE Minus World in ''Super Luigi Bros.'']</ref>

===''Speed Mario Bros.''===
''[[Speed Mario Bros.]]'', a version of the original game that plays twice as fast, is a mode found in ''[[Ultimate NES Remix]]''. The Minus World here behaves like the rest of the mode.<ref>[https://youtu.be/NYPjZg-nTiU?t=268 Minus World in ''Speed Mario Bros.'']</ref>

==Other glitch worlds==
[[File:Super Mario Bros.glitch world 9-1.png|thumb|"World 9-1", one of the 256 worlds]]
[[File:Sm64-glitch-world-twominus1.png|thumb|"World --1" (actually World 40-1), another of the 256 worlds]]
''Super Mario Bros.'' actually has 256 worlds in total; however, World 0 (which starts with an underwater version of [[World 4-4 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 4-4]]), World 9, and onward are glitched and reuse pointers from other levels in the level data. The Minus World (36) is the only one that can be accessed legitimately in the Western versions. These levels caused a rumor in Japan where a lightning strike on a [[Family Computer]] is said to create a ''Super Mario'' level never seen before, thought to be part of a secret World 9 (9-1 is an underwater version of [[World 6-2 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 6-2]] that requires waiting a little to complete). However, the other glitch levels can be accessed in the Japanese version due to differences in the Family Computer hardware.<ref>[http://legendsoflocalization.com/super-mario-bros/misc/ Legends of Localization Super Mario Bros.: Miscellaneous]</ref> Most versions also feature differences in those glitched worlds, be it different enemy placement, differently placed levels, as well as completely new ones not available on other ports. [[World 9 (Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels)|World 9]] in ''The Lost Levels'' was inspired by this glitch.

==Removal==
The Minus World glitch has been removed from remakes of ''Super Mario Bros.'' In ''[[Super Mario All-Stars]]'', if the trick is performed, the Warp Pipes will still take Mario to their respective worlds as if the pipes were reached by walking along the ceiling. In ''[[Super Mario Bros. Deluxe]]'' and ''[[Super Mario Bros. 35]]'', the ability to perform the trick is removed entirely. However, the glitch remains in the [[Nintendo PlayChoice-10]], the ''[[Classic NES Series]]'' and [[Virtual Console]] ports, the [[Classics|NES Classic Edition and Nintendo Classic Mini: Family Computer]], [[Nintendo Entertainment System - Nintendo Switch Online]], and ''[[Game & Watch: Super Mario Bros.]]'', as they are direct emulations of the original game.

==Hacking==
If one uses a hacking tool that can set the level that Mario is on, the Minus World goes all the way to -9. After -9, it changes to -A, later to -B, -C, and so on. After the letters, it changes to random bits of the terrain of all the levels. There are 215 of these bits. These levels are the result of level layouts being loaded with the wrong tilesets, enemy layouts, and properties.

Specifically, World -2 is a version of [[World 3-4 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 3-4]] with water graphics; World -3 is a version of World 3-4 with overworld graphics, and being loaded with random enemy layouts, sprites, and properties. World -4 and World -5 are both black screens. World -6 is a glitched-out level that appears in a [[World 6-3 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 6-3]] theme. Some gray bricks may be found on the edge of it, and a white [[Goomba]] will fall into the pit. The entire level is a pit, so Mario loses a life instantly. World -7 is a copy of [[World 3-3 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 3-3]]. After the player passes it, the game takes them to World -8, which starts off using the intro for [[World 1-2 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 1-2]], [[World 2-2 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 2-2]], [[World 4-2 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 4-2]], and [[World 7-2 (Super Mario Bros.)|World 7-2]], although the game blacks out after Mario reaches the pipe. World -A is a castle level that Mario cannot move in, and -9, -B, and -C are a black screen. All the levels after -4 can be played only by using cheats or hacking.

==References in other games==
*''[[Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest]]'': The manual's description for [[Plus and Minus Barrels|Minus Barrels]] makes a Minus World reference by jokingly attributing them the ability to send the player to the Minus World.
*''[[Super Paper Mario]]'': [[The Underwhere]] is called "World -1" by one of the residents.
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'': On [http://www.smashbros.com/wii/en_us/gamemode/various/various09.html Smash Bros. DOJO!!], the official ''Super Smash Bros. Brawl'' website, there is a screenshot showing a list of friends to whom Target Smash!! replays can be sent, with one of them nicknamed "World -1".
*''[[Mario + Rabbids Kingdom Battle]]'': one of the [[List of weapons in Mario + Rabbids Kingdom Battle#Boomshot|weapons]], the Splatformer, references the Minus World in its description: "Send your enemies to the Minus World with this groundbreaking boomshot. The end."

==Gallery==
<gallery>
SMB Minus World Intro Card.png|Intro card
SMB FDS World Minus 2.png|thumb|World -2 on the Disk System port
SMB FDS World Minus 3.png|Mario next to some Bloobers on the Disk System port in World -3
</gallery>

==Names in other languages==
{{foreign names
|Jap=マイナス面
|JapR=Mainasu-men
|JapM=Minus World
|Spa=Mundo -1<br>Mundo Negativo (''Mario + Rabbids Kingdom Battle'')
|SpaM=World -1<br>Negative World / Minus World
|Ger=Minus-Welt
|GerM=Minus World
|Ita=Minus World
|ItaM=-
}}

==References==
<references/>

{{Glitches}}
[[Category:Glitches]]
[[Category:Worlds]]
[[Category:Aquatic areas]]
[[Category:Super Mario Bros. levels]]
[[de:Minus-Welt]]
[[it:Minus World]]