Nintendo Entertainment System

The Nintendo Entertainment System (abbreviated as NES) is a third-generation home video game console created by Nintendo as the western counterpart of the Family Computer (also known as the Famicom). It was released in the United States and South Korea on October 18, 1985, Europe on September 1, 1986, and Australia on July 1, 1987. The original model of the system is a complete redesign of the Famicom, featuring a gray and white color scheme, a covered slot on the front where cartridges are slid into, and detachable controllers. The system contributed to revitalizing the American video game industry following the, due to its software quality control through the "Official Nintendo Seal of Quality" and toy-like peripherals. Combined, the NES and Famicom sold 61.91 million units before being discontinued in 1995. The system vastly outsold competitor video game consoles, such as the and the, as well as home computers like the.

The Nintendo Entertainment System was bundled with Super Mario Bros., resulting in it being the console's most successful game. For decades, Super Mario Bros. was the highest-selling video game ever, with 40.23 million copies sold, until Nintendo packaged Wii Sports with the Wii. Eventually, Super Mario Bros. 3 was released in the USA, and it became an instant hit, making five hundred million dollars in less than twenty-four hours.

In America, the NES was sold in three packages:
 * Control Deck: Contained the console, two controllers, the Super Mario Bros. cartridge, and the needed connections.
 * Action Set: This set included the console, two controllers, the Super Mario Bros./ cartridge, the, and the connections.
 * Power Set: The most complete package, it contained the console, two controllers, a Super Mario Bros./Duck Hunt/ cartridge, the Zapper, the, and the connections.

Hardware
The NES/Famicom hardware consists of 2 kilobytes of onboard RAM, a custom second source based processor (called the Ricoh 2A03 in NTSC regions and the 2A07 in the PAL regions) which has a built-in sound generator on-chip and is used as the main processor. The Ricoh 2A03/2A07 contains 5 channels of sound: 1 triangle channel, 2 square wave channels, 1 noise channel, and 1 DPCM channel for playing samples from memory. The Ricoh 2A03/2A07 is essentially the same as a regular 6502, but with the binary code decimal mode removed.

The video generator hardware is the Picture Processing Unit (PPU) (Ricoh 2C02 "NTSC"/Ricoh 2C07 "PAL") which is responsible for generating the sprites and background images onscreen. Graphical capabilities, extended RAM, and even sound capabilities can be expanded with the use of memory mappers like the MMC2, 3, 4, 5, and Konami VRC6 among other mappers. For instance, the MMC5 adds 2 extra pulse wave channels and another Raw PCM channel in addition to the main 2A03/2A07 channels; the Konami VRC6 adds a sawtooth wave channel and 2 extra square waves and the VRC7 adds FM Synthesis capabilities which are based on the OPLL FM Synthesizer and are a derivative of the OPLL chip.

The only 2 Mario games that use memory mappers are Super Mario Bros. 2 and Super Mario Bros. 3 with the MMC3 mapper being used. The only Mario cameo appearance that uses memory mappers is  with the MMC2 being used, which is also the only NES game that uses that particular mapper.

NES Controller
The NES controller is the basic controller that comes with the console. It has four buttons and a directional pad on a brick-shaped case. and are stationed on the right with the  and  in the middle. The D-pad, first used on the Game & Watch to replace bulky joysticks, are on the left of the controller.

There were various versions of the NES controller. Nintendo released the NES Max and the NES Advantage, the latter of which had a "slow" button and both of which featured "turbo" buttons which, when held, would represent a button being pressed repeatedly. Nintendo later released a different form of the NES, which used a "dog-bone" design instead of the brick design, which looked a lot like Super Nintendo Entertainment System controllers. This design combines elements of the Game Boy and the Super Nintendo Entertainment System controller.

Unlike the Famicom, the NES does not have any audio controls (volume slider and microphone) on the second controller. Instead, the and  buttons are available on both controllers, making those practically identical. Another difference is that the NES' controllers can be extracted, while the Famicom's cannot.

NES Zapper
The NES Zapper was a light gun accessory used for only a small number of games, the most notable one being. The first version of the Zapper to release was the gray one, but since a soldier mistook it for a real gun, Nintendo rereleased it in orange.

The Zapper is also used in Duck Hunt's moveset in Super Smash Bros for Nintendo 3DS / Wii U and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, although since the character wielding the light gun is never seen in-game, its only real appearance is in the character reveal trailer for Duck Hunt in Super Smash Bros for Nintendo 3DS / Wii U.

Power Glove
The was a handheld glove controller that used hand movements as a controller via conductive ink. It also had a keypad that defaulted certain buttons to certain hand movements. Under it featured the normal buttons on the NES controller. It sold poorly and was criticized for being imprecise. It was featured in the movie The Wizard.

Cleaning Kit
Over time, pins inside the NES and game cartridges would get dirty. Nintendo released an approved cleaning kit to improve the condition of the contacts so games would play without interruption.

NES Classic Edition


Announced on July 14, 2016, the NES Classic Edition (known as the Nintendo Classic Mini: Nintendo Entertainment System in Europe and Australia) is a smaller version of the Nintendo Entertainment System and the first entry to the Classics series. It was released in Australia on November 10, 2016, and in the Americas and Europe on November 11, 2016. Unlike the original NES, the NES Classic Edition does not support cartridges, but rather features 30 games pre-installed, including Mario games such as Super Mario Bros., Donkey Kong, and Dr. Mario. A version for the Japanese Family Computer, the Nintendo Classic Mini: Family Computer, was released in Japan on the same day and includes a slightly different software line-up than the NES Classic Edition.

The NES Classic Edition was discontinued on April 2017, but resumed production in Summer 2018. On June 26, 2017, a successor was announced in the form of the SNES Classic Edition.

Appearances in the Mario franchise

 * At the beginning of the The Super Mario Bros. Super Show! episode "Mama Mia Mario", as Mario and Luigi are relaxing in front of the TV, Luigi is seen holding an NES controller.
 * The NES appears as one of Wario's treasures in Wario World.
 * 9-Volt has an NES in WarioWare: Twisted!
 * In Super Paper Mario, one of Francis's protected rooms has an NES, along with various other Nintendo consoles.
 * In Mario + Rabbids Kingdom Battle, the design on the carpet in the Genius Girl's room is based on the NES controller.
 * Though the console itself does not appear in Super Mario Odyssey, one of the filters that are available for use in Snapshot Mode is the graphics style of the NES.
 * LEGO Nintendo Entertainment System, a version of the system created as part of the LEGO Super Mario partnership, was released on August 1, 2020. The set also features a Super Mario Bros. cartridge as well as a television "playing" the game and is compatible with the Mario figure from the Mario Starter Course set.

Trivia

 * An NES controller appears as one of the tokens in the 2006 and 2007 versions of Nintendo Monopoly.
 * The NES is placed in the 1st spot of IGN's Top 25 Game Consoles.
 * An expansion port is located underneath the console. However, no accessories were used for it. Although the Famicom Disk System was planned for a North American release and if released it would have used the Expansion Port. However, the redesigned NES-101 Top Loader model lacks the expansion port entirely.
 * For a time, the Nintendo 3DS eShop mistakenly stated Mario Party: Island Tour to be a title on the NES.
 * The NES port of Wario's Woods is the only NES game with an ESRB rating, due to it being released so late in the console's run.
 * Biederman Design Labs Research & Development was working on a handheld NES console called the Nintendo Express, but it never got released. Almost no screenshots were taken of it. On the source video's comment section, a YouTuber by the name of Rick Gordon said he worked with Paul Biederman on occasion. He also said there was a version that had a crosspad. He went on to say that Paul went directly to Nintendo, who would not approve of the system, due to the upcoming Game Boy. He lastly said that because of this, Biederman Design Labs went to who looked at it, but the toy company did not want to enter another legal fight with Nintendo.