List of Super Mario Galaxy 2 glitches

This is a list of glitches from Super Mario Galaxy 2.

The Player to the second area of the Grandmaster Galaxy with Yoshi and go to the top right corner and Infinite Flutter Jump. The screen should turn white, and after a long while of fluttering, the player should enter the electric fence area. The player should keep fluttering until they reach the launch star. It won't activate at first, but after a while, it will activate. Using it will lead to the next area and the player just needs to level. It is also possible to beat the Electric Fence Area with Yoshi simply by Infinite Fluttering inside the fence.

In the Honeyhop Galaxy, at the area where the falling bubbles first appear, somewhat like a tribute to the original Donkey Kong, there on the honey wall to the left, which has a nearby Choppah guarding the space in between the two structures. To perform this glitch, the player must start from the top-left of this honey wall and then jump off, but only slightly press the A button in short rounds, so as to take advantage of the honey's own gravitational pull and fly into the wall with an adjacent Bee Mushroom that players would normally reach by dodging bubbles and making their way right and then back left to face the wall. Depending on how the player attempts to enter the wall (the most effective method being to enter from in front of it, being that this would be entering a normally 2-D area from a third dimension), they may remain on the left side, become pulled through the wall onto the other side, or remain stuck in the wall. If the player is stuck in the wall, they may be able to exit it through the use of a spin. If a Ground-Pound or Homing Attack is executed, however, the player will likely remain stuck in the wall until the level is reset. Even what happens to the player upon being stuck in the wall may vary on how the player enters, as they may also be pushed upward through the wall while still remaining inside, and remain unable to perform any action but a spin, which will not enable them to exit the wall. This glitch may also result in some unlisted results, as well.

In the Throwback Galaxy, the player has to get a Cloud Flower and go to the area right before the stairs with the Thwomp. Then, he or she must go to the bottom left corner and perform a long jump and use the Cloud Flower when necessary. Mario should get to the bonus planet and get the 1-Up Mushrooms, but can't teleport back. 

In the end credits, if the player enters first-person view mode, Mario's bangs can be seen. Also, if the player looks to the left or right, Mario's bangs won't move with his head and remain stationary.

While on said planet in the Puzzle Plank Galaxy, the player should use the clouds from the Cloud Flower to try to long jump back to the previous planet. There will be no gravity, and the player will stay in the same place while falling.

The player must do the "Yoshi Stuck in the Tree" glitch, but if done a slightly different way, Yoshi's eyes will be closed as if doing a Flutter Jump but he will stand idle. If the player jumps on Yoshi or if he retreats back into his egg, his eyes will be open again.

If the player uses Cloud Mario to make a cloud just as he or she gets the Power Star, the graphics will be screwed up. The player will see through the cloud, and Mario's legs will be in the cloud.

This glitch can only be done in the Spin-Dig Galaxy in the level Silver Stars Down Deep. In order to make it work correctly, the player must have extremely precise timing. When the level starts, Mario will be on a small raised platform on the Starting Planet. Normally, when the player jumps off the platform, Cosmic Clones will appear and chase Mario until the player Spins the Item Crystal just south of the starting platform to release the Launch Star, at which point they will disappear. The player can avoid having to deal with them altogether if they jump off the platform towards the Item Crystal and spin it immediately, before the Cosmic Clones have a chance to appear at all. However, for some reason, when the camera tries to angle slightly to draw attention to the appearance of the Cosmic Clones as it sometimes does, it will instead turn the view all the way around to the other side of the planet, making the camera look straight at the ground, and allowing the player to see Mario's silhouette frozen in mid-spin. This can only happen if the player successfully spins the Item Crystal at the exact same time that the Cosmic Clones are just about to appear on the planet; if the player is too early, the Item Crystal will break, the Cosmic Clones will not appear at all, and nothing will happen, but if the player is too late, the Cosmic Clones will appear anyway, and the player must quickly break the Item Crystal to get rid of them. Because the camera is supposed to be showing the appearance of the Cosmic Clones briefly, and the player does not need to move Mario at that time, the player's controls will now be completely frozen along with Mario, so the player is forced to look at the ground as the camera tries to draw attention to the Cosmic Clones that will now never appear, as the player has already prematurely triggered the event that causes them to disappear (the game itself is not frozen though, so the music will still play and wind can faintly be seen blowing across the planet's surface). The only button on the Wii Remote that will actually work at this point is the Home Button, so the player must either use that to get back to the Wii Menu, or restart the Wii altogether.

To activate this glitch, the player has to chose the Silver Stars Down Deep mission in the Spin-Dig Galaxy. The player has to get the Cosmic Clones to follow Mario. The player has to find the Piranha Plant with the Vine. The Player will have to run as far as Mario can run on the tower, then long jump. Defeat the Piranha Plant and swing on the vine. They will follow the player on the next planet. If the player enters the Warp Pipe or warps to the Bonus Zone, the Clones will die.

To do this glitch the player must go to Starshine Beach Galaxy level Surf, Sand and Silver Stars. The player must have a Crabber chase them and they must get behind a Pianta. The Crabber will keep chasing Mario, but it will keep hitting and shaking the Pianta.

This is easier to do as Luigi since he jumps higher. When the credits start and Mario or Luigi is on the Crescent Moon Planet, the player needs to ground pound the left of the Moon as much as possible to tilt it. Then Mario or Luigi should perform a backwards somersault while the Moon is rising up. If done correctly, Mario or Luigi will fall under the moon and a Bubble (which strangely looks identical to the one that saves Mario or Luigi from falling from the Comet Observatory is Super Mario Galaxy) will surround the plumber and try unsuccessfully to bring them back to the Moon, which means that Mario or Luigi will be stuck in the bubble until the credits end. The planets visited will get out of screen swiftly. In the scene where Bowser is small, The background is a desert showing just the flags of Princess Peach's Castle.

This glitch can be done in the Honeybloom Galaxy. In order for it to work, the player must traverse the level until they reach the area with the Venus Flower Traps and Spiny Stretch Plants. Then, the player must allow Mario to get hit by a Spiny Stretch Plant while buzzing through the air, and then fall directly onto a Bee Mushroom on the ground. As soon as Mario touches the Bee Mushroom, the transformation sound effect will play as normal, but Mario will not transform into Bee Mario until he recovers from the hit and stands up.

To do this glitch the player must go to Bowser Jr.'s Fiery Flotilla and backflip up near the first Green Star is. When they jump back down again the door on the starting planet will have opened without Mario hitting the switch.

If the player long jumps and hits something, normally they fall down and take a few seconds to get back up. But when spinning as soon as they fall, the player will get right back up to spin. Note: this does not work after being hit by an enemy and knocked down.

To do this, the player needs to use Yoshi and get on the Warp Pad that takes them to the red Starshroom. Then back flip and use the infinite flutter jump glitch. If the camera is turned, let go of the A button. The player has to wait till they land on Starship Mario.

This glitch can occur if the player is in any galaxy where there is Lava next to an abyss, like the Shiverburn Galaxy. The player must jump towards the abyss with one wedge of health left in Mario's Health Meter, but must also land on the Lava while jumping and still manage to fall into the abyss after being burned by the Lava and losing a life. This glitch is tricky, but when done correctly, the player can clearly see Mario falling through the lava, as opposed to seeing Mario's silhouette falling through the lava, as one would normally see otherwise.

At Rolling Coaster Galaxy, where the path splits, Mario should jump out towards the blue Starshroom. If the jump was perfect, Mario would slightly fall through the Starshroom, and will fall out of bounds, since the Starshroom has no gravity.

To do this the player must go to Bowser Jr.'s Fiery Flotilla. They must do a triple jump on the starting planet, landing the third jump near the Sling Star. If the player spins at the peak of the jump they will end up on the Fire Planet without using the Sling Star. This is tricky because if the player spins at the wrong time, it will activate the Sling Star.

In the Flip-Swap Galaxy, Mario can use the upward momentum from a Flip-Swap Platform flipping up to perform an extremely long, high jump. Mario must be on one of the non-flipping platforms in the galaxy. Then, he must run toward an empty space that a flipping platform flips to when Mario spins. Right before Mario runs into the empty space, he must spin to make the flipping platform flip to the empty space. Mario should fall onto the flipping platform while it is still rising. Finally, Mario must perform a Long Jump right before the platform stops moving. The timing for this is difficult, but if performed correctly, Mario will do a "superjump" that covers huge distance, and can be used as a shortcut.

The player must make their way to Bowser Jr.'s Fearsome Fleet, where they must next use the "Yoshi's Infinite Flutter Jump" glitch to reach the Megahammer Planet. If they walk around the planet, the will hit an invisible wall. The player can jump onto it and the will therefore appear to be floating in the air while doing so.

While on the Starship Mario, Mario must ride on Yoshi and stand on the lower right side of the deck. Then, Infinite Flutter in that direction for a long time. Then, the player will see the Chance Cube Room hanging in midair. Mario and Yoshi can llutter into the room, but the Starship Mario music will still play. If the player takes the Warp Pipe to go back to Starship Mario, the glitch will end.

To do this glitch, the player must do the mission "Return of the Whomp King". Then, he/she must go fight the Whomp King, and when he falls down, get atop him and wait for him to get back up. If the player jumps with correct timing, the Whomp King will get up and fling the player far off the battlefield, causing him/her to lose a life. This was discovered when a fan was trying to do the "Lose a Life Without Getting Crushed" glitch and jumped with wrong timing. This also works with regular Whomps, but it is easier with the king, due of his size.

This glitch can only be done after Rosalina is onboard Starship Mario. Normally, since Mario is shorter than her, if he chooses to talk to her she will look downwards while she talks to him. However, if Mario gets the Cloud Flower and spins a cloud while standing right next to Rosalina (and ends up above her), if the player crouches he can still talk with Rosalina, and she will still look downwards at the cloud.

If Mario talks to either Mailtoad or Banktoad after doing the same thing, Mario can still talk to the Toad, although the Toad himself will be hidden from view. The conversation still goes normally.

To do this Glitch the player must go into the Stone Cyclone Galaxy. The player should then go near the first Green Star and wait for the Tox Box to go past. If the player Back Flips at the right time they will jump on top of the Tox Box and be launced into the air and circle the planet until they land.

First, the player must start the mission Surf, Sand, and Silver Stars and go to the pool with the Blimp Fruit, coins, and a 1-Up Mushroom. Yoshi must eat the fruit and fly to the bigger tower out of the two. When the fruit's effects runs out, the player must infinite flutter jump the rest of the way. The player should be on the top of the tower. There are a few changes: This can also be done in the Purple Coins mission, except after collecting 100 Coins, instead of collecting the Power Star, the player can enter through the bottom of the tower the normal way, and the changes stated above will still be there.
 * Yoshi cannot enter a bubble.
 * The ground pound switch is missing.
 * The entrance/exit hole has been sealed.

In Bowser Jr.'s Fiery Flotilla, if the player manages to go to the area near the first Green Star (on the castle walls), he or she should go to the top of the back castle wall. After that, Mario/Luigi should then long jump north, away from the planets, and the player should end up being caught by the Gobblegut planet's gravity and land on the planet. An example can be seen here

This is a very difficult glitch and it involves the Whomp King. First the player must get atop his head (this will take some effort on the player's part) and wait for a little, then he should fall down. do a backwards somersault just as he is about to fall. If done correctly, The player should end up doing a very high backflip. (Again, this works with a Thwomp moving upward).

In Bowser's Galaxy Generator, Mario must use Yoshi at the planet with the Boomerang Bros., and they must stand in the top right corner of the platform, near a pillar and use the infinite flutter jump glitch until they fall out of the planets gravity. Mario and Yoshi will be pulled to the Castle Tower Planet where they will infinitely circle the planet until they exit the level. Mario can also jump off Yoshi in this glitch but will not be able to get back to him.

In the Grandmaster Galaxy, the player must get to the Flipswitch Planet with Yoshi. Then the player must go to the far right hand corner of the planet and then do the Infinite Flutter glitch forward into the endless abyss. The player has to keep going until the screen goes white, which will take a long time. Then, he or she should immediately jump off Yoshi and do a Ground Pound. Mario or Luigi will get smaller, and the background will return to normal. Mario or Luigi will keep falling for a long time before losing a life.

While the player is surfaced on a body of water, they can perform a long jump if they press Z then A (as they would to long jump on land) but with a shake of the Wii remote between the button presses.

To do this, the player needs 120 Power Stars and defeat Bowser at Bowser's Galaxy Generator. Then during the ending credits, a Bee Mushroom will appear in the part that shows Tall Trunk Galaxy and the Whittles. The player should grab the Bee Mushroom and wait until the scene that feature Freezy Flake Galaxy is shown. At that time the player should fly toward the screen while he or she is still high in the sky. If performed right, Mario will fall and the entire screen will be completely black. However, this doesn't stop the credits so the player will have to wait until the screen is normal again to end the glitch. If it shows the screen that says "The End", the "TOO BAD!" message will appear until the part fades out. If the player loses with no lives, a Game Over screen will be shown.

Another way to do this glitch is to hop on Yoshi and go all the way to the cake. Mario and Yoshi must then get on top of the cake and use Yoshi's Infinite Flutter Jump glitch as quickly as he can (using the side somersault provides good start). Yoshi must keep on doing this until the screen starts to move up. Then the "TOO BAD!" message will be shown.

It is unknown what triggers this glitch, but if the player is on top of the Whomp King and does a jump toward him while he's getting up in a certain manner, the player will be crushed in midair for no apparent reason and lose a life. This glitch will work with both Mario and Luigi.

In the Chompworks Galaxy, the player should go to Mission 1 and reach the Lava Chomp Planet. Turn Mario (Or Luigi) around until he faces the player then long jump and fall off the edge of the planet. If done correctly, just before Mario falls off, the planets graphic will change as though the player was far away from the planet.

To activate this glitch, the player should go to the Melty Monster Galaxy. Once Mario lands on the Pier, he should get in the Warp Pipe that leads to the Chimp's Bowling Challenge. The player should then jump back into the Warp Pipe and come back to where they landed. If the player looks behind Mario, they will see a remaining piece of the Chimp's Bowling Challenge background.THis is possible to do at any time, as long as the player can get to Chimp's Bowling Challenge.

In the Shiverburn Galaxy, the player must go to the planet featuring multiple falling meteors. They must then go into first-person view and look directly at the meteors while they are raining down. The meteors will stop and will not move until the player changes the camera view back from first-person view.

In Cloudy Court Galaxy, the player must choose The Shadow Lining, then, on the Gravity Blocks Planet with the star chips, the player should go close to a star chip (not too close, just close enough to collect it) and grab it. if done correctly, the player will get the star chip, but the Cosmic Clones won't show up. using this glitch, the player can get to the first Launch Star without having to worry about the Clones.

To do this glitch the player must go to the Starshine Beach Galaxy level Surf, Sand, and Silver Stars. If the player spins a Crabber into deep water the Crabber will dig its way back to the surface but only half of it will appear and it will not move. Mario cannot interact with it. After a couple of seconds, the Crabber will come back up. A couple seconds after it comes back up, It will stand in midair. When it spots Mario it will fall.

In the Grandmaster Galaxy go to the end of the first area with Yoshi and flutter jump to the Launch Star. Beat the second area while still on Yoshi and go into the Launch Star and when Mario or Luigi is about to land, they will miss the platform and continue going. The screen will turn blue and Mario or Luigi will lose a life. It should be noted that this glitch may not always happen.

This glitch can only be experienced in the Supermassive Galaxy. If Mario stands at a certain distance near one of the two Giant Lumas in the level and the player activates first-person view, the Giant Luma will sometimes disappear when the player attempts to look at it, though its shadow will remain. If the player exits first-person view, the Giant Luma will reappear.

During the credits, Mario or Luigi must hit the Yoshi Egg and use Yoshi. If Mario or Luigi keeps mounting/dismounting Yoshi, the screen will freeze a slight bit. Note: Mario/Luigi must keep on mounting/dismounting Yoshi until the page turns to the last page.

On Starship Mario, the player is required to use Luigi. On the wall where the entrance to the center of the starship is, be on either side off the wall. Crouch down, walk at the edge, get up and let Luigi slide. Luigi will then be off the edge off the platform, his body model not moving, unable to do a full spin, and able to ground pound. If the player does the shake to much, Luigi will fall to the ground and his body model is able to move again.

In the second level of Slipsand Galaxy the player should go to the area with the gravity counters. Instead of going left, they should wall jump to the platform, falling down and going into the green pipe. When they come out of the other green pipe they should go right, fall, enter, and then exit the gravity of the spinning cube without touching it. Then the player must go into the green pipe again. When they come out of the other green pipe, they will fall through all of the walls and go out of bounds. The player will fall for about thirty seconds and then lose a life. While falling they can see the background of the Slipsand Galaxy.

To do this glitch, the player, after landing on the Banzai Bill planet of Bowser's Galaxy Generator, should deliberately lose two portions of Mario's life by touching the electricity wall. On the third go, however, Mario will pass "through" the wall without getting hurt.

First, Mario on Yoshi should approach an enemy like a Piranha Plant or a Spiky Plant, one that needs to be pulled to be defeated. Yoshi should grab onto them in mid-air while Flutter Jumping. Not only will the plant not struggle until Yoshi hits the ground, but Yoshi could flutter backwards and, on the Tower Planet in Yoshi Star Galaxy, make Yoshi's tongue stretch halfway around the planet. Yoshi can still pull back and defeat it like this, and it doesn't effect gameplay that much.

Another glitch that makes use of the aforementioned Infinite Flutter Jump glitch, this glitch takes place in the Flash Black Galaxy. To do this glitch, one must first go through the entire Starting Planet, using the Launch Star to arrive at the Maze Planet. Once there, rather than hitting the checkpoint, the player should immediately turn around and make their way over back to where they started the level, crossing in front of the house. Upon returning to the beginning, it can be noted that it is now impossible for the player to enter the house through its regular entrance, but instead it must be entered from the side. For this glitch, however, one must use the infinite flutter jump to eventually make their way on to the roof of the house. Due to the nature of the roof and the house itself, the player will only be able to walk on the roof in 2D. It should also be noted that the player can not exactly stand on the roof- they are actually standing in the roof, on top of the highest horizontal wall of the house.

In Shiverburn Galaxy, the player should go to the place with Watermelons. After, they should get get rid of at least one Watermelon. Then, they should press on the control pad and look at where the Watermelon used to be. It will reappear, and it will be slightly floating in midair.

In Shiverburn Galaxy, the player should go to Prince Pikante's battle. They need to stand in a part of the battlefield and be hit by one of his fire meteors. While invincible, should skate at the direction of the lava hole. The player will skate on lava for a short amount of time.

To do this glitch, the player must go to the Battle Belt Galaxy and select the "Mini-Planet Daredevil Run" mission. When the player gets to the yellow Starshroom, they should stand on the side window where the sleeping Toad's back is seen. If the player enters first-person mode and looks down, the Toad will be seen hovering over the table.

To do this glitch the player must go to the Melty Monster Galaxy and go to the mission "A stroll down Rolling Lane". The player must then grab the first Rock Mushroom and aim directly at one of the rubber bouncers. Then shake the wii remote to turn into a boulder. Then wait for about 3-4 bounces. Rock Mario should fly straight up then stop rolling. The player can jump and spin jump. To end the glitch, just move the nunchuck.

To do this glitch, the player must go to any galaxy with Smeeches and Yoshi. Once the player completes the mission (with Yoshi) Mario will have to find a Smeech, and make it stick to Yoshi's lips. Then Mario should take the Power Star without releasing the Smeech. Mario and Yoshi will do the same animation, but the Smeech will still be stuck to Yoshi's mouth.

In the Tall Trunk Galaxy, on Mission 1, get Yoshi and do the Infinite Flutter Glitch to the Tall Trunk Slide. If the player tries to jump on the slide, the game will freeze with Yoshi and the character in midair.

In the Throwback Galaxy, after the "Welcome To The Galaxy!" message is displayed, Mario should go to the right, near the small fence. If the player times a jump perfectly, they will land on a small platform with near no room to stand on, so they will be standing on thin air. If the player runs in the direction of the main planet, they will go right through the fence and back to the main planet (hence the name "Thin-Air Platform/Through the Fence Glitch").

To do this, the player must use Luigi on Starship Mario (Luigi can be used on Starship Mario after beating Bowser's Galaxy Generator). Luigi should grab the Cloud Flower and go to the Starshroom. After Luigi jumps out of the warp pad, he should do a back-flip, create a cloud platform, do another backflip and create another cloud platform. Then, he should long-jump. If done correctly, he will land on Starship Mario. Note:This can be done with Mario, but the player needs more precise timing.

To do this, the player must do the level at Yoshi Star Galaxy "Saddle up with Yoshi". Then when he or she are on the Earth Planet, they have to make an infinite flutter jump until the camera turns to the other planet and let go with A. Mario or Luigi will land on the Central Shapes Planet from the episode "Spiny Control". The player can also go to the Marble Blocks and Cone planets like this too, and the music will change too as well as a 1-up Mushroom.

This glitch can only be done if the player is extremely good at Infinite Fluttering glitch, in the sense of doing it for about 3 minutes. The player should now go to the Yoshi Star Galaxy and go to the tall, tower planet with the first star. Get to the top, but DO NOT get the star. Instead, swing on the Flower Grapple and then infinite flutter all the way left or right and keep going up. Hold left or right, depending on the wall the player at, and as soon as the player move past the invisible wall, they should take a break and stop. The player should be levitating in the middle of the sky. If the player move even further, they will fall and be behind the wall.


 * Note: If the player is on the right side, there are a few more invisible walls and floors.

It is unknown how to do this glitch. However, the player can walk on the wall at a red region in Upside Dizzy Galaxy.

On Starship Mario, hatch and ride Yoshi, go to the bottom of Starship Mario, run towards the white fence and Yoshi's legs should be moving rapidly.

The player should go to Starship Mario and see a tree on the left side of the deck's door to Luigi, close to two Green Lumas. The player should stay in the up part of the deck with Yoshi and perform a Flutter Jump to the top of the tree. If done correctly, Yoshi will get stuck in the tree with the effect of when he is standing in the ground. This will return to normal when Yoshi goes back to his egg.

The player has to go to Starshine Beach Galaxy and stand in a place where there is a large amount of water. The player then has to go to the shallow part of the water were he can still stand. He then must flip off Yoshi and leave him to go back in his egg. When he does, Yoshi should go underground before coming back up to the surface.

In Bowser's Galaxy Generator, the player will need to get all the way to the end of the level while riding Yoshi. Then, at the planet where the Snake Block ends, there is a big pole that will take the player to the big door. Then stand next to the pole and do the infinite Flutter Jump glitch to get to the top of the planet and where the meteors are. Get off of Yoshi, and ground pound on the three meteors and open the door, but quickly get back on Yoshi before the portal opens. Both Yoshi and Mario/Luigi will go through the door. They will land on the next planet and be frozen for a short while.

The whole cutscene will play, but at the point where Bowser roars and Mario and the Luma falls to the planet where he battles Bowser, only the Luma will fall, and Mario/Luigi and Yoshi will be still frozen. But they will still fall to the next planet anyway. The only way to defeat Bowser is to jump off Yoshi, ground pound on the meteor, and land on Yoshi in mid air. If the player manages to fully defeat Bowser to the Grand Star, Yoshi will be morphed in with one of the Lumas.

When Mario rides Yoshi and does a Flutter Jump, and when he is almost finished, the player has to release A and press Z, and release Z and hold A, and repeat this to gain more height. This was discovered by fans very shortly after the game's release. This glitch is known by many fans as "Infinite Fluttering". Using this glitch, players can fight the final boss Bowser and also even clear the Perfect Run with Yoshi.

On the Starship Mario, the player must hatch and ride Yoshi. He or she must step near the Warp Pad to the Starshroom and press quickly. His tongue will be stuck in the Warp Pad, even when he walks around, warps, etc. If the player presses B again or jumps off Yoshi, the glitch will end. If Yoshi tries standing on the Starshroom when doing this, it makes it look like Yoshi's tongue is extremely long. If this glitch is done with slightly different timing, Yoshi's tongue will be stuck to the Warp Pad. The glitch can also be done in reverse: Yoshi's tongue could be extended from the Starship Mario to one of the Toads or the Luma on the Starshroom.

To do this, the player must go to any level that has Yoshi or Starship Mario. Then, when standing next to a friendly character, press A and B at the same time and Yoshi's mouth opens up. The player can also just press B anytime while someone is talking.

The player must go to Hightail Falls Galaxy and go to the second planet. Near the end where the Launch Star is, right before getting onto the ledge of the platform where it is, the player must jump. Yoshi will then jump extremely high if he's still under the effect of the Dash Pepper. By doing this, if the player has enough time left on the Dash Pepper, they can reach the tallest point of the planet where Penguru is without getting another Dash Pepper. If the player goes up to Penguru with the second Dash Pepper, they can also do this, but they will end up a lot higher, and if the player keeps pushing forward on the, they will fall and lose a life.