Super Star (theme)

"Super Star", also known as "Starman", is a recurring musical theme usually played when a character is invincible. As such, it is tightly associated with the eponymous Super Star power-up. Composed by Koji Kondo for Super Mario Bros., it has since been arranged in numerous games.

Composition
In Super Mario Bros., the theme plays while Mario or Luigi is under the effects of the Starman. As Super Mario Bros. is for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Family Computer, the theme is orchestrated as. Like the Ground Theme from this game, the noise channel plays a, in contrast to later arrangements which would use straight eighths.

The theme follows a cyclical between the D  and C  chords. The main melody uses the seventh and of these chords, whereas the  uses the root and.

Reuses
In addition to ports and remakes of Super Mario Bros., the theme has been reused in many other games and other media:

Super Mario Bros. Special
Super Mario Bros. Special uses a mostly faithful version of the theme; notably, the bassline descends to the fifth of the chord instead of ascending, and includes the.

Super Mario Bros. 2
Super Mario Bros. 2 uses an arrangement with percussion samples, which, unlike the original theme, is not swung. This arrangement also returns in version 3.0.0 of Super Mario Maker 2, when a player grabs a Super Star in their SMB2 form, which is exclusive to the Super Mario Bros. style.

Super Mario Bros. 3
The arrangement in Super Mario Bros. 3 uses both the noise and PCM channels to represent a hi-hat and wood block, respectively. It is reused in Super Mario Maker, Super Mario Maker for Nintendo 3DS, and Super Mario Maker 2 in the Super Mario Bros. 3 game style.

Super Mario World
Super Mario World plays the theme on brass synthesizer and acoustic bass. Due to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System's increased number of audio channels, the melody is now voiced in s. The hi-hat is similar to the one from Super Mario Bros. 3. This arrangement is reused in Super Mario Maker, Super Mario Maker for Nintendo 3DS, and Super Mario Maker 2 in the Super Mario World game style.

The theme is also the basis for the Star World map music, with a variation on the melody played over the same chord progression.

Super Mario All-Stars
In Super Mario All-Stars, a single arrangement is used across all remakes.

Super Mario 64
Super Mario 64 and Super Mario 64 DS use an arrangement titled "Powerful Mario" in the official soundtrack for Wing Mario and Vanish Mario, and another arrangement titled "Metallic Mario" for Metal Mario. "Powerful Mario" reuses the countermelody from Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island's arrangement, and is itself reused in New Super Mario Bros., and Super Mario Maker while Mario is wearing the Mario costume and has Super Star invincibility. "Metallic Mario" has an original countermelody, and is reused in Super Mario Maker while Mario is wearing the Mario (Silver) or Mario (Gold) costume and has Super Star invincibility.

Super Mario Bros. Deluxe
In Super Mario Bros. Deluxe, the theme bears much similarity to its original version. However, a new arrangement is used in the credits screen, introducing an original melody and chord progression that the original theme is reharmonized to fit.

Super Mario Advance
In Super Mario Advance, the theme strongly resembles the version heard in Super Mario All-Stars.

There is also an additional version of the theme that plays in the Mario Bros. multiplayer battle mode and features the same drums as the theme from the original Super Mario Bros. 2.

Super Mario World: Super Mario Advance 2
Compared to the version heard in the original Super Mario World, Super Mario World: Super Mario Advance 2's arrangement is much higher pitched. The Star World music also received an updated arrangement.

Super Mario Advance 4: Super Mario Bros. 3
Like Super Mario Advance's arrangement, the arrangement heard in Super Mario Advance 4: Super Mario Bros. 3 resembles that of Super Mario All-Stars, except played on a higher octave.

Super Mario 64 DS
Super Mario 64 DS introduces arrangements of "Powerful Mario" for while the player character is riding Hoot and while Mario has Floating Power. The minigames Bounce and Pounce and Bounce and Trounce use another variation as background music, where an electric piano takes over for both the melody and countermelody. This arrangement returns in the gallery of the Nintendo DS version of Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games.

In addition, there are two arrangements of "Metallic Mario" for while the player character is in Mega form and while Yoshi has Fire Power.

Super Mario Galaxy
Super Mario Galaxy uses an arrangement with the countermelody from Yoshi's Island's arrangement for Rainbow Mario, which accelerates over time to reinforce that the power-up is temporary. The theme can also be heard in the background of the Fire Mario theme.

New Super Mario Bros. Wii
New Super Mario Bros. Wii introduces an arrangement that includes descending F major seventh and E minor seventh arpeggios. It is reused in Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games, New Super Mario Bros. 2, New Super Mario Bros. U, New Super Luigi U, Super Mario Maker, Super Mario Maker for Nintendo 3DS, Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition, Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam, Super Mario Run, New Super Mario Bros. U Deluxe, and Super Mario Maker 2.

In only New Super Mario Bros. Wii, New Super Mario Bros. U, New Super Luigi U, and New Super Mario Bros. U Deluxe, the music gains bongos and other percussion while one or more of the players is riding a Yoshi. If a Super Star is used from the inventory, a version with much quieter bass and no drums will play on top of the world map music.

In Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam, during the fourth papercraft battle, the arrangement can be heard when Papercraft Yoshi obtains the Star power-up. This does not return in the Battle Ring version.

Super Mario Galaxy 2
Super Mario Galaxy 2 uses a slightly updated version of Super Mario Galaxy's arrangement with added cymbals.

New Super Mario Bros. U
In New Super Mario Bros. U, a chiptune-inspired arrangement with a shaker plays while the Boost Mode player is under the effects of the Boost Star. This arrangement returns in New Super Luigi U, but is absent in New Super Mario Bros. U Deluxe as Boost Mode was removed.

In New Super Mario Bros. U, New Super Luigi U, and New Super Mario Bros. U Deluxe, the Super Star arrangement from New Super Mario Bros. Wii has a new variation in which Baby Yoshis sing along to the music. In Mario Golf: Super Rush, the arrangement featuring both the Yoshi drums and Baby Yoshi vocals plays when Mario uses the Super Star in his Special Shot.

Super Mario 3D Land
Super Mario 3D Land's arrangement is played on synthesizers with strings audible in the background, and speeds up when the invincibility is about to wear off. In a demo version of the game, the melody more resembled the Super Mario Galaxy version, had a different echo effect, squelchy percussion was used in the introduction, and the speed-up occurred later.

Super Mario 3D World
Super Mario 3D World uses an arrangement closely based on Super Mario 3D Lands version under the name "Super Star Sharing'" in the original soundtrack. This arrangement returns in Super Mario Maker 2 for levels in the Super Mario 3D World style.

Super Mario Run
In Super Mario Run, a techno arrangement plays after obtaining a Super Star in Remix 10 mode. The theme incorporates the countermelody originally heard in Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island.

Super Mario Bros.: Peach-hime Kyūshutsu Dai Sakusen!
In Super Mario Bros.: Peach-hime Kyūshutsu Dai Sakusen!, there exists an arrangement known as "夢・夢・夢・・・" (roughly Dream, Dream, Dream... in English). It is mostly played using synth percussion instruments.

Dr. Mario
In Dr. Mario for the Game Boy, the theme plays when the player achieves a clear combo of four.

Super Mario Kart
In Super Mario Kart, the theme is played on piano, bass, and drum kit.

Mario Kart 64
In Mario Kart 64, the theme includes a in the background.

Mario Kart: Super Circuit
Mario Kart: Super Circuit uses an arrangement with a higher-pitched, slightly faster-paced main melody and a different bassline.

Mario Kart: Double Dash!!
Like Mario Kart 64, Mario Kart: Double Dash!! features an arrangement with a cuíca played in the background.

Mario Kart DS
In Mario Kart DS, the main melody is played on strings while the bassline is played on bass guitar.

Mario Kart Wii
A techno-styled arrangement with an audible percussion beat is used in Mario Kart Wii.

Mario Kart 7
In Mario Kart 7, steelpan-like instrumentation is used for the theme's main melody.

Mario Kart Arcade GP DX
An arrangement with a heavy funk beat plays in Mario Kart Arcade GP DX.

Mario Kart 8 / Mario Kart 8 Deluxe
A synthesized arrangement plays in Mario Kart 8 and Mario Kart 8 Deluxe, with a whistle audible in the background. This arrangement returns in Mario Kart Tour and plays during Frenzy mode.

Mario is Missing!
In all except the NES version of Mario is Missing!, there are rearrangements of the Star World theme.

Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island
Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island uses an arrangement of the theme titled 「パワフル赤ちゃん」 (Pawafuru Aka-chan, "Powerful Infant") in the official soundtrack that plays when Baby Mario becomes Superstar Mario and when playing Mini Battles. This arrangement introduces a countermelody that would later reappear in Super Mario 64 and numerous later games.

Yoshi's Island: Super Mario Advance 3
In Yoshi's Island: Super Mario Advance 3, the main melody of the theme uses a different instrument from the original Yoshi's Island arrangement.

Yoshi Touch & Go
In Yoshi Touch & Go, an arrangement based on Yoshi's Island's arrangement plays when Baby Mario collects a Super Star in Time Attack mode, which speeds up when the invincibility is about to wear off.

Yoshi's New Island
Yoshi's New Island uses a ukulele arrangement that plays the countermelody from Yoshi's Island's arrangement on glockenspiel.

Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars
In Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars, an arrangement of the Starman theme titled 「ごきげんスター」 (Gokigen Suta, "Happy Star") in the original soundtrack is used whenever Mario grabs a Star power-up.

Super Smash Bros.
In Super Smash Bros., an arrangement plays when a fighter collects a Star. It is reused in Super Smash Bros. Melee.

Super Smash Bros. for Wii U
In Super Smash Bros. for Wii U, the theme is incorporated into three arrangements: "Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels Medley", "Egg Planet", and "Super Mario World Medley"; the last of which also includes the Star World theme, which directly precedes the Super Star theme.

Super Smash Bros. Ultimate
In Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, the Super Star theme is incorporated into the "Electroplankton" arrangement due to the theme being featured in the Nintendo DS game of the same name.

Mario Tennis
In Mario Tennis for the Nintendo 64, a fast-paced arrangement plays when a player collects a Star.

Mario Power Tennis
A steelpan arrangement is used in Mario Power Tennis when a player collects a Star in Item Battle.

Paper Mario
In Paper Mario, a steel drum arrangement of the Starman theme plays whenever Mario circles the Candy Cane between Pleasant Path and the Koopa Bros. Fortress.

Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door
In Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, a heavy synthesizer arrangement with a techno drum kit and timpani is used in Bowser's interludes while he is in Mega form from eating enough Meat.

Super Paper Mario
Super Paper Mario uses an arrangement with an original countermelody, titled "An Unrivaled Battle", for when a character is in Mega form from using the Mega Star.

Paper Mario: Sticker Star
Paper Mario: Sticker Star arranges the Super Star theme for standard Super Star invincibility, and later integrates it and the game's title theme into the music track for the final part of the fight with Bowser, featuring the countermelody from Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island's arrangement. The invincibility theme uses saxophone as the main instrument and organ for the countermelody.

Paper Mario: Color Splash
In Paper Mario: Color Splash, an arrangement titled "Kickin' the Invincible" plays when Mario collects a Super Star. It is available on the Sacred Forest record at Prisma Museum.

Paper Mario: The Origami King
As with the previous two Paper Mario games, Paper Mario: The Origami King introduces a new arrangement for when Mario collects a Super Star, which incorporates the countermelody from Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island. If a Super Star is collected while the Retro Soundbox is equipped, the Super Star theme from Super Mario Bros. plays instead.

Mario Party 3
In Mario Party 3, an arrangement plays in the mini-game Toadstool Titan/Mush Pit when a player is under the effect of a Super Mushroom. In Mario Party: The Top 100 and Mario Party Superstars, however, the arrangement is replaced by one of the Mega Mushroom theme due to the Super Mushroom being replaced by said item.

Mario Party 6
In Mario Party 6, an arrangement titled "Old School" plays in Star Sprint mode when the player's character is under the effect of a Metal Mushroom.

Mario Party: Island Tour
In Mario Party: Island Tour, an arrangement plays when a player uses a Super Star in Perilous Palace Path.

Mario Party 10
In Mario Party 10, an arrangement of the Super Star theme known as "Defeat with Stars!" plays during the minigame Cheep Cheep Leap.

Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga
In Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga, an arrangement of Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island's arrangement is used during the Star 'Stache Smash minigame. In the game's remake, however, an arrangement of "Do It Now!" from Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam is used instead.

Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story / Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey
In Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story, a sound effect resembling the theme plays during the invincibility attack in the Bowser Memory ML boss fight. The sound effect returns in the remake virtually unchanged.

Mario Golf: Advance Tour
In Mario Golf: Advance Tour, a steelpan arrangement plays when the player hits a Super Star.

Mario Pinball Land
An arrangement with a drum beat plays in Mario Pinball Land when Mario collects a Super Star.

Mario Superstar Baseball
Mario Superstar Baseball features two arrangements, with one featuring jazz instrumentation and another following a techno style. The former arrangement is reused in Mario Super Sluggers.

Super Mario Strikers
Super Mario Strikers uses a disco-inspired arrangement which is reused in Mario Strikers Charged.

Mario Strikers: Battle League
Mario Strikers: Battle League uses a rock arrangement very loosely based on the version from Super Mario Strikers.

Tetris DS
In Tetris DS, a techno arrangement plays in multiplayer mode when a Starman is used. A music box arrangement also plays at the end of the credits theme, titled "CongraTetris" in the music menu.

Mario Sports Mix
In Mario Sports Mix, a fully orchestrated arrangement with a unique countermelody plays when a Super Star is collected. A different, smaller-scale arrangement plays on Star Road, also with a unique countermelody.

Mario vs. Donkey Kong: Mini-Land Mayhem!
An arrangement plays in Mario vs. Donkey Kong: Mini-Land Mayhem! in Mini Guide mode, with a new countermelody played on glockenspiel. This arrangement returns in Mario and Donkey Kong: Minis on the Move when viewing the Gold Mini Mario toy in the Toy Collection, albeit less compressed and with more reverberation in the main melody.

Mario vs. Donkey Kong: Tipping Stars / Mini Mario & Friends: amiibo Challenge
In Mario vs. Donkey Kong: Tipping Stars, an arrangement directly based on its previous installments' rendition plays in the all-Gold Mini Mario level B-24. This arrangement returns in Mini Mario & Friends: amiibo Challenge virtually unchanged, and plays in the even-numbered levels in the Star World. The Star World version from Super Mario World is also given a new arrangement which plays on the map of Star World.

Nintendo Land
In Nintendo Land, a chiptune-based arrangement featuring strings,, and synth bass is used when the Mario player has Super Star invincibility.

NES Remix 2
In NES Remix 2, a techno remix of the Starman theme from Super Mario Bros. 3 plays in the invincibility challenges based on said game.

Luigi's Mansion 3
A minor-key arrangement of the theme appears in the ScareScraper and ScreamPark modes in Luigi's Mansion 3. This arrangement uses an organ overlaid with a theremin to keep the theme fitting with the game's style of music.

Other arrangements
A 1992 Japan-only popcorn machine developed by called Super Mario World Popcorn features the Super Mario Kart Starman theme, but pitched down.

Super Nintendo World uses an edited version of the arrangement used in Super Mario 3D Land, albeit sped up and with some new instrumentation added.

Appearances in other media
In the Animal Crossing series, the Super Star furniture item plays the theme upon interacting with it, which plays indefinitely except in Animal Crossing: New Horizons until the player interacts with it again. From Animal Crossing to Animal Crossing: City Folk, it plays the Mario Kart 64 arrangement; in Animal Crossing: New Leaf, it plays the Super Mario 3D Land arrangement; and in New Horizons, it plays the New Super Mario Bros. Wii arrangement complete with the chime that plays when the invincibility is about to run out.

In , one of the backing songs for the Beatnes is the original Starman theme.

In the Japan-exclusive Just Dance Wii and the Wii version of  (in which the song is downloadable content), the song "Just Mario" (whose artist is simply credited as "Ubisoft meets Nintendo") is a medley of remixes of the Ground Theme, invincibility theme, and Underground Theme from Super Mario All-Stars. The song returns in the Nintendo Switch version of , albeit with the themes fully arranged instead of remixed.

In the Wii U and Switch versions of , a brief clip of the New Super Mario Bros. Wii arrangement can be heard whenever the player builds a Super Star.