Ludwig von Koopa

Ludwig von Koopa (also known as Kooky von Koopa) is the oldest Koopaling and was Bowser's second-in-command until Bowser Jr. came along. Like the other Koopalings, not much of Ludwig's personality has been revealed, though it is known that he is highly intelligent and somewhat arrogant and is said to be the cruelest of all the Koopalings. The Super Mario Adventures comic revealed that he enjoys videogames, and Super Mario World stated that he likes to compose "Koopa Symphonies", much like his namesake, Ludwig van Beethoven, who was also the inspiration for the Koopaling's hair design. In battle he displays feats such as making earthquakes and magic blasts, spitting fireballs, shooting lightning blasts from his hands and the ability to teleport from place to place. Ludwig even has the ability to flutter jump like Yoshis.

Super Mario Bros. 3
In Super Mario Bros. 3 Ludwig was charged with taking over Pipe Maze. Easily doing so with the aid of his Airship and armies, Ludwig stole the wand of Pipe Land's king, whom he turned into either a Piranha Plant or Yoshi, depending on the version of the game.

Boarding Ludwig's airship, Mario managed to fight his way to Ludwig's cabin, there he engaged the Koopa prince in battle. In battle, Ludwig goes into his shell and tries to roll into Mario. Though fast and capable of making stunning earthquakes and magic blasts, Ludwig was defeated and his control over Pipe Land was at an end. Mario moved on to World 8, where he would soon defeat Bowser.

Super Mario World
After he was defeated by Mario, Ludwig was assigned to occupy the fourth world of Dinosaur Land, the Twin Bridges, in Super Mario World. Doing so, he then isolated himself in his castle where he composed Koopa symphonies, at least until Mario showed up to ruin his work.

During his battle with Mario, Ludwig does not utilize any of his siblings' attacks. Instead he uses his own attacks: by spitting fireballs, sliding around in his spiked shell, and occasionally making huge leaps. Ultimately, he was defeated a second time by Mario who destroys Ludwig's castle by detonating explosive charges near the bottom of the building, sending it flying into a nearby hill. Subsequently the hill is bandaged in the spot it gets hit.

New Super Mario Bros. Wii
Ludwig and the other Koopalings reappeared in New Super Mario Bros. Wii, after six years of absence, now alongside Bowser Jr. His physical appearance remains relatively unchanged, except for his shell, which is now blue instead of green and he now has blue eyebrows.

He first appears in the opening scene, in which Ludwig and the rest of his siblings jumped out of a cake at Princess Peach's birthday party, then trapped her inside it by throwing the cake at her and runs away. Mario, Luigi, Blue Toad, and Yellow Toad travel through the Mushroom Kingdom to defeat them, as well as Kamek and Bowser, and save the Princess Peach. He is later implied to have commanded the Airship to leave without Bowser Jr., causing Bowser Jr. to chase after it and Mario to board it the second time. He appears as both the fortress and castle boss of World 7.

The stage for the fortress battle is a straight ground with a pit on both sides.

When battling him at his tower, before the player(s) could reach him, he conjures a blue fireball from his wand (he is the fastest to cast a spell out of all the bosses) which slowly homes into the player(s). After that, he then jumps really high and Flutter Jumps above the player(s) which he is trying to stomp on. After landing, Ludwig then conjures another homing fireball if he is not stomped on. When jumped on, Ludwig retreats back to his shell and spins it to the left and right of the stage in a attempt to hit the player(s) (accompanied by his homing fireballs if it hasn't made contact with anything yet). When he is stomped on 3 times, he is defeated and retreats to his castle. He is the most resistant Koopaling to Fire Mario's fireballs.

The stage for the castle battle are three separate, rising platforms which Kamek activated with his magic. The platforms rise up and down during the fight and the sides move in unison while the middle does not. The player(s) could also fall between the spaces between the platforms and lose a life. It is strongly noted that the characters do not get affected by the platforms rising (the player(s) jump normally as if the platforms aren't even rising at all, only the background moves).

In the Castle, unlike the tower battle, his fireballs no longer home in, but instead they split into four and takes more time to cast them a bit. He uses his Flutter Jumping ability to get to another section of a platform. The player(s) can tell in which platform he is going to land due to his legs being visible in the screen, doing his infamous Flutter Jumping before landing. When Ludwig is hit, he slides around in his shell, but he will only slide on the platform he is on, rather than sliding to another platform. When he is hit 2 times, he shoots out another 4 fireballs after he casts his first set of fireballs. When finally defeated, Ludwig falls off-screen and Mario gets the key to World 8.

Although Ludwig fell during his castle battle with Mario when when Mario defeated him, he was uninjured, as he was seen along with the other Koopalings getting Bowser back up, only to have Bowser's castle fall on top of all of them.

It is worth noting that he is one of the only two bosses fought in the same order as Super Mario Bros. 3 (the other being Larry, who was the first one Mario fought in both games). It is also worth noting that Ludwig has an audible voice in-game for the first time. He is portrayed by Mike Vaughn, who gives Ludwig a much deeper voice than his of the cartoon series.

Super Mario Amada Series
Ludwig, as well as his siblings were featured in the Super Mario Amada Series, a set of three Japanese OVAs. In the Mario retelling of the story "Momotaro", Ludwig and his siblings appear as minions of Bowser, aiding him in abducting Princess Toadstool. In "Shirayukihime (Snow White)" Ludwig also appears as a minion of Bowser once again; like his brothers and sister, Ludwig ends-up being beaten by Mario.

Mario Cartoons
Ludwig also appears prominently in The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3 and the Super Mario World cartoon produced by DiC Entertainment and Nintendo. Here, Ludwig was portrayed as having mad scientist-like personality, inventing various gadgets and doo-dads for his father. In the cartoons, Ludwig was renamed Kooky von Koopa, had somewhat messier hair, was smaller in size, had only one spike on his shell, his tail was usually twisted or curved, and also possessed an extremely bizarre laugh. Also, Kooky wasn't the oldest Koopaling, as that position was taken by Bully. His personality was different too, as he didn't ever listen to classical music, and was never portrayed as a composer.

In the Super Mario World cartoon, Kooky appeared exactly the same with the exception of the episode The Wheel Thing, where his snout was colored the same as the rest of his body. His silent appearance in Rock TV colors his snout a lighter shade, as in The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3.

"Baby Ludwig", or more appropriately, Baby Kooky, has made his first appearance in The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3 episode, "Toddler Terrors of Time Travel", which had Kooky, as well as Mario, Luigi, Toad and Bowser, regressed to infant states due to a malfunction with a time machine.

Comics
Ludwig appears in the Nintendo Comics System's Mario comics, as well as Mario's Nintendo Adventure Books. Ludwig also appears in the Super Mario Adventures comic, where he and his siblings aid Bowser in his attempt to marry Princess Peach. Here, he is portrayed as the most cynical of the Koopalings, disbelieving that Princess Peach would ever agree to marry his father. He is also in charge of communication with Bowser through their television.

He makes another short appearance in the Club Nintendo comic "Super Mario: Erholung? Nein, danke!", where he works as a mechanic for KoopAir. The plane he is working on takes off before he even finishes his work.

Mario is Missing!
In Mario is Missing!, Ludwig, along with a few of his siblings, invades Earth with his father as part of a plot to flood the world by melting Antarctica. Guarding a corridor of Bowser's headquarters, Ludwig battles Luigi, who plans on stopping Bowser's plot and saving the kidnapped Mario. He appears in all versions of the game except for the Nintendo Entertainment System version. In the Super Nintendo Entertainment System version, he is the first boss, while in the PC version, he is the last. In the former, Ludwig von Koopa appears when Luigi arrives back at the castle after clearing the last of the first floor's cities. Ludwig runs around the castle like mad; however, like the other bosses in the game, he cannot harm Luigi, simply running past him instead. Once Luigi jumps on Ludwig a total of six times, he disappears in a puff of smoke. Defeating Ludwig in combat enables Luigi to move on.

Yoshi's Safari
Ludwig later helps his father conquer Jewelry Land in the game Yoshi's Safari by building the robots he and his siblings then use to defend the captured kingdom. Ludwig occupies the Mushroom Land region of Jewelry Land.

In battle, Ludwig uses a large robot with four legs, a spiked shell and a retractable head (in which Ludwig himself is stationed). Two cannons are attached to the head. The robot's weak spot is a large red area which Ludwig normally guards with the robot's head. However, as he has to move while he shoots, the red spot often becomes temporarily visible, allowing Mario to destroy it. After the robot explodes, the pieces salvage themselves together into a fighter style mech, which has fists that fly off to attack Yoshi and Mario. Once this robot is also destroyed, Ludwig concedes defeat.

Hotel Mario
In Hotel Mario, Ludwig appears as the boss in Ludwig's Thump Castle Hotel in Ludwig's Frantic Lab. In this game, Ludwig displayed the previously unseen ability to teleport and shoot blast of lightning from his hands. Despite these new powers, Ludwig is still defeated by Mario.

Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga
After years of absence, Ludwig finally made a reappearance in Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga. Ludwig and his siblings (minus Bowser Jr.) act as guards in Bowser's Castle during Bowletta's invasion of the Beanbean Kingdom, presumably believing Bowletta to be their father. Like in Super Mario World, the eldest Koopaling attacked Mario and Luigi by shooting balls of fire and zooming around in his shell. However, Ludwig was no match for the bros'. teamwork and was ultimately beaten.

Character Description
Like the other Koopalings, Ludwig has yellow and tan skin and a green head. He also has a four-ribbed, padded stomach and padded feet. His facial features are defined, having shaped cheeks, a high nose, a low jaw, and deeply curved lips; his features are most similar to Roy's, although he is unique in having one, beaver-like tooth in the upper center of his snout. He has a round head and small, circular eyes, like Morton. Ludwig is similar in height to most other Koopalings; his body is like a wider version of Larry's. Ludwig is best known to have large, wild, blue hair; aside from slight color differentiation his hairstyle is the same as Flurrie's. He also has small, blue eyebrows. Ludwig's shell was originally green, but is now blue with light orange rings surrounding the multiple, short spikes. Ludwig wears the same metal, spiked cuffs the other Koopalings.

Personality and Traits
Ludwig is the oldest of the Koopalings, probably making him a teenager (his somewhat older age is also supported by his deep voice in New Super Mario Bros. Wii). He is also the second strongest out of the Koopalings (probably because he is the oldest), after Roy Koopa. He is presumptuous and arrogant, but is still very much into culture; he likes listening to classical music and composes his own "Koopa Symphonies" which, according to the comics, are terrible. He is also said to be cruel. Also, he was also implied to have been deaf at one point (which may have explained why his music was bad), as when Mario caused an explosion that "shook something loose in his [Ludwig's] brain" he claimed he could finally hear, and presumably discovered how bad his music was as a result; whether he still chooses to compose music or not is unknown. Ludwig is possibly the most intelligent of his siblings, though outside of the robots he created in Yoshi's Safari, he doesn't seem to be as much an inventor as his younger brother Iggy. He also seems to be into horror, as he had a horror-themed hotel in Hotel Mario.

In The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3, Ludwig's name was changed into Kooky von Koopa, and was portrayed as a stereotypical mad scientist, whose main purpose was to invent new doomsday weapons and gadgets for his father. He would commonly burst out into maniacal laughter or raise his voice by shouting in the middle of talking and seemed to be very aggressive towards the Mario Bros. Kooky didn't also care much about his hygiene; he never washed or combed his hair.

Powers and Abilities
Ludwig is usually portrayed as the most talented and powerful of the Koopalings. In Super Mario Bros. 3, Ludwig shared his attack pattern with Roy; Ludwig could fire projectiles from his Magic Scepter, pound the ground to stun the Mario Bros., and retreat in his shell for both defensive and offensive purposes. He was given a completely unique attack pattern in Super Mario World, which none of the other Koopalings shared; Ludwig could spit three fireballs in a row (thus making him the first Koopaling to have learned the ability of breathing fire) and spin around the room in his shell, after which he could perform a long jump to the other side of the room. Ludwig was given even more new powers in Hotel Mario: He can fire electricity from his hands and teleport in a flash of lightning. In Superstar Saga, Ludwig retained his previous abilities of breathing fire and spinning around in his shell, but also learned the new ability of spinning like a tornado to attack the Mario bros., which was also done by his brother Iggy. In his latest appearance in New Super Mario Bros. Wii, Ludwig learned even more new abilities. He can shoot five fireballs a time and has even mastered the ability of Flutter Jumping better than the Yoshis themselves, being able to stay in the air for several seconds.

Bio from The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3 Writers Bible
''When Koopa's villainous schemes require sheer lunacy, he calls on Kooky. A graduate of Frankenstein University, Kooky loves to construct monsters in his basement lab in Kastle Koopa. He's responsible for many of the new villainous characters in SM3 [sic]. He built the Doomship. Kooky never showers or combs his hair. He sleeps during the day, if he ever sleeps at all. Eats nothing but candy and fried foods.

Quotes

 * "Quite an exciting game isn't it? I'm glad to know that we have such powerful enemies helping us out. We have more guys helping us besides these... but don't tell Mario." - The Super Mario Bros. 3 manual (page 41)
 * "This is a fun game called "STUFF YOUR FURNITURE DOWN THE DRAIN"!" - Toddler Terrors of Time Travel
 * "Calm down, King Dad! Your cold Koopa blood is getting overheated!" - True Colors
 * "Oh brother, it looks like the nice guy potion is wearing off." - Princess Toadstool for President

Trivia

 * A Sticker of Ludwig von Koopa is a collectible in Super Smash Bros. Brawl. Using it on characters in the Subspace Emissary increases their explosive attacks by eight points.
 * Ludwig was originally going to appear in Super Princess Peach, although he was taken out of the final game with the rest of the Koopalings.
 * As the oldest of the Koopalings, Ludwig von Koopa was heir to the Koopa Throne, however with the introduction of Bowser's eighth child, it would seem that Bowser Jr. has replaced Ludwig as second-in-command to King Bowser.