Ground Theme (Super Mario World)

The "Ground Theme" is a musical theme used as a throughout Super Mario World.

Composition
The Ground Theme itself is played on steel drum, with synthesizer, guitar, brass, and acoustic bass as accompaniment, matching the tropical setting of Dinosaur Land. Part of the melody is played on brass in the Course Clear theme, and the first three notes are played on electric piano in the Game Over theme.

The melody mostly adheres to the in the key of F; however, the  is often changed in other instances of the leitmotif. In the underground and Castle themes, most instances of the and  are flatted to put the melody in the. The motif is played slowly in several s in the Ghost House theme: the key center regularly changes throughout the theme to produce an unnerving, disorienting effect.

The motif remains in F major in the underwater theme and bonus game theme, but its rhythm is altered in the former to fit the. It is also transposed to C major for the Athletic Theme, and C minor for the repeating bars of the Castle theme.

While Mario is riding a Yoshi, bongo percussion is added to the background music.

Reuses

 * Super Mario Maker: This game reuses the Ground Theme, underground theme, underwater theme, Ghost House theme, and Castle theme for the respective course themes in the Super Mario World game style, as well as the Course Clear theme upon hitting the Giant Gate's tape, and the bonus game theme through the Bonus Music sound effect.
 * Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS / Wii U: The original Ground Theme was included as one of the randomly playable songs in the DLC stage Super Mario Maker, which was released on September 30, 2015.
 * Super Smash Bros. Ultimate: The original Ground Theme is featured as a Mario-series song.
 * Super Mario Maker 2: All instances of the motif used in Super Mario Maker return in this game. The Game Over music in Endless Challenge is now also from Super Mario World if the last course played was in that game style.
 * WarioWare: Get It Together!: The Ground Theme plays in levels 1 and 2 of the Super Mario World boss microgame, while the Castle theme plays in level 3. The Course Clear fanfare plays after passing the Giant Gate at the end of each level.

Super Mario World
The official soundtrack for Super Mario World includes several arrangements by Soichi Noriki and performed by the Mario World Band. "Super Mario World" is an arrangement of the Ground Theme; "Morning of Yoster Island", the underwater theme; and "Mario! Stay Alert!", the underground, Ghost House, and Castle themes.

Super Mario Bros. Deluxe
In Super Mario Bros. Deluxe, a message can be entered when viewing banners in the Mystery Room; the default message is a series of notes that, when Start is pressed, causes an 8-bit arrangement of the ending notes of the Ground Theme's main melody to play.

New Super Mario Bros. Wii
The Dorian variation on the motif is quoted in New Super Mario Bros. Wii's castle theme. The theme returns in all later New Super Mario Bros. games, Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition, Super Mario Run, and New Super Mario Bros. U-styled Castle courses in Super Mario Maker and Super Mario Maker 2.

Super Mario Galaxy 2
In Super Mario Galaxy 2, the music for Haunty Halls Galaxy and Boo Moon Galaxy is an arrangement of the Ghost House theme. While Mario is riding Yoshi, shaker and tambourine percussion is added.

The music for Hightail Falls Galaxy and "Purple Coin Beach Dash" is an arrangement of the Athletic Theme. The tempo increases and a violin run is added while Yoshi is using a Dash Pepper.

Both aforementioned arrangements were arranged by Mahito Yokota.

An arrangement of the bonus game theme plays when touching the notes in the Puzzle Plank Galaxy. This recurs in Super Mario 3D Land.

New Super Mario Bros. 2
In New Super Mario Bros. 2, the chime that can be heard while the game loads sometimes plays a small part of the Ground Theme.

Super Mario Maker
In Super Mario Maker, the Ghost House and Castle themes in the Super Mario World style receive new percussion parts for while Mario is riding a Yoshi, as this was impossible in such levels in the original game. The Ghost House theme uses bongos, in contrast to the shaker and tambourine used in the Hightail Falls Galaxy arrangement.

Like the original Super Mario World, Super Mario Maker integrates a variation on the motif into the game style's new Airship theme. The motif is in a minor scale, as in the Castle theme, and is played on brass and strings.

Every piece of background music associated with a course theme has an original, more ambient arrangement for editing such a course in the Course Maker, using eight tracks that fade in and out randomly to create a dynamic mix. The castle theme in the New Super Mario Bros. U style also has an editing track. These return in Super Mario Maker 2.

Super Mario Run
In Super Mario Run, an arrangement of the Ground Theme is incorporated into the music for Remix 10.

Super Mario Odyssey
In Super Mario Odyssey, a solo piano jazz arrangement of the Ground Theme, titled "New Donk City: Cafe", plays on a radio in New Donk City's Outdoor Café. Also, an arrangement of the bonus game theme, titled "Above the Clouds", is used in some of the challenge areas.

Super Mario Maker 2
The new course themes introduced in Super Mario Maker 2 use the Ground Theme leitmotif in the Super Mario World style. The desert theme plays the motif on a plucked string instrument, aerophone, and violin in the. The snow theme is an arrangement on strings, horn, glockenspiel, trumpet, tubular bell, and accordion, with some notes removed from the melody, and acoustic bass and sleigh bell as accompaniment. The forest theme plays the motif on vibraphone and oboe, with acoustic bass, hi-hat, and bongos as accompaniment. The sky theme reuses the Athletic Theme from Super Mario World. All of these tracks are also paired with bongo percussion for while Mario is riding a Yoshi, and with dynamic Course Maker arrangements.

A music box version of every piece of background music associated with a course theme plays during nighttime levels. The castle theme from the New Super Mario Bros. U style also received a music box arrangement.

Mario Paint
In the music composing mode for Mario Paint, the song represented by Soundfrog's head includes a recreation of the main melody of the Ground Theme.

Mario Teaches Typing / Mario Teaches Typing 2
Various orchestral rearrangements of the Ground Theme, along with the Super Mario World title theme and the Donut Plains theme, play in the various cutscenes of Mario Teaches Typing and Mario Teaches Typing 2.

Mario is Missing!
In all but the NES version of Mario is Missing!, a swing arrangement of the Ground Theme in E♭ major plays for most of the game, specifically during the times in which Luigi investigates cities.

Mario's Early Years! Fun with Letters / Mario's Early Years! Fun with Numbers / Mario's Early Years! Preschool Fun
All three games in the Mario's Early Years! sub-series feature an F major arrangement of the Ground Theme with hastened staccato notes in the melody that plays during the games' various activities outside of their respective Sing Song Worlds. Additionally, once the player clears a certain number of exercises in every interactive activity, a music box version of the "Course Clear" fanfare plays.

Mario's Time Machine
In all but the NES version of Mario's Time Machine, an andante version of the Ground Theme in D major plays whenever Mario activates the Timulator. In the SNES version of the game, an arrangement of the Ground Theme plays in the title screen.

Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars
In Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars, an arrangement of the Ground Theme is used in the song 「ねぇねぇジーノごっこしようよ」 (Ne ne Jīno gokko shiyō yo, "Hey-hey, let's play make-believe with Geno").

Paper Mario
The first seven notes of the melody after the intro are reused in the title theme for Paper Mario. The Dorian variation on the motif is also quoted on sine synthesizer in the music for Toad Town Tunnels. The Bonus Screen version is quoted in "Victory Parade".

Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door
Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door's victory jingles (both with and without the current partner being downed) are rearrangements of the Course Clear theme from Super Mario World.

Super Paper Mario
In Super Paper Mario, the Lineland Road theme incorporates the theme's motif in some later bars. It is played in E♭ major for three bars, then plays the opening half of the motif in E♭ melodic minor and again in D♭ melodic minor for an entire bar.

Super Smash Bros. Melee
In Super Smash Bros. Melee, a faithful arrangement of the Athletic Theme played on banjo is the default music for the Yoshi's Island stage. It was arranged by HAL Laboratory composer Hirokazu Ando, and returns in Super Smash Bros. Brawl and Super Smash Bros. for Wii U for the same stage (as well as the Super Mario Maker stage in the latter) under the title "Yoshi's Island (Melee)", and in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate for any Yoshi-series stage under the name "Athletic Theme - Super Mario World". In all reappearances except Brawl, it is categorized as a Yoshi-series song).

Super Smash Bros. Brawl
In Super Smash Bros. Brawl, an arrangement of the Castle theme plays at the beginning and end of the song "Castle / Boss Fortress (Super Mario World / SMB 3)" (with Super Mario Bros. 3's boss theme played in the middle), which was arranged by Yusuke Takahama. The song plays on the Luigi's Mansion stage and when encountering False Peach and/or Zelda in the Subspace Emissary, though it was originally set to play on the Delfino Plaza stage. It reappears for the same stage and Super Mario Maker in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U, and in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate for any Mario-series stage.

Super Smash Bros. for Wii U
A song in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U titled "Super Mario World Medley" incorporates arrangements of the Ground Theme and its arrangements the Bonus Room and Course Clear themes, as well as the Star World music, the invincibility theme, and the Ground Theme from Super Mario Bros. The Ground Theme portion has a slightly dragged-out introduction, and incorporates the Yoshi percussion variation before transitioning to the Bonus Room theme portion. The Ground Theme is reprised at the end of the medley before it loops. The medley was arranged by Bandai Namco composer Hiroshi Okubo, and plays on the Yoshi's Island and Super Mario Maker stages. It returns in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate as a Mario-series song.

Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga
In Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga, an arrangement of the Ground Theme is used during the Barrel and Chuckola Bounce minigames, as well as during the tutorial for Splart. In the game's remake, an arrangement of the Mario & Luigi: Dream Team minigame music is used instead.

Mario Party Advance
In Mario Party Advance, the results screen music after the player runs out of Mushrooms in Shroom City is a rearrangement of the Ground Theme, played on glockenspiel and a chiptune lead. The harmony consists of s.

Mario Party 9 / Mario Party: Island Tour
In Mario Party 9, the results screen music remixes the theme's intro bar into its own final bar before repeating. Said theme returns in Mario Party: Island Tour under the same capacity.

Mario Party 10
In Mario Party 10, the opening to the song "Slightly Nostalgic Theme", one of three themes randomly picked for the minigame Steal the Beat, arranges the opening six notes of the Ground Theme.

Mario Party: Star Rush
In Mario Party: Star Rush, the Ground Theme appears as the first song the player can perform in the Rhythm Recital mode.

Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games
A trumpet arrangement of the Ground Theme appears in Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games for Wii. This arrangement samples the original Ground Theme as well, and returns in Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games and Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games.

In the DS version of Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games, a synthesized arrangement plays during the first portion of the Mario Medley for the Ultimate Figure Skating event. It is mostly faithful to the original theme, though the last four measures before the loop are omitted.

Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games
A new arrangement of the ground theme appears as one of the selectable songs for Figure Skating Singles in Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games, under the name Main Theme: Super Mario World (Remix). This new version features a large number of string instruments and plays through several iterations of the main theme.

Mario Sports Mix
In Mario Sports Mix, an arrangement of the Athletic Theme, titled "Island Athletic", is available as one of the songs in Harmony Hustle.

Fortune Street
In Fortune Street, an arrangement of the bonus game theme plays in the arcade minigames for Mario series characters.

Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition
In Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition, an arrangement plays in the bonus sections.

WarioWare Gold
In WarioWare Gold, the Ground Theme is used as the background music for the Super Mario World microgame. Its tempo is synchronized to the interstitial stage music and the ticking of the Bomb.