1-UP Studio

1-UP Studio (formerly known as Brownie Brown) is a Japanese video game developer and wholly owned subsidiary of Nintendo based in Tokyo, which was founded by a majority of ex-Square Enix staff that left the company due to creative differences. The company has primarily developed JRPGs for handheld systems.

Part of Super Mario 3D Land's development was outsourced to 1-UP Studio as to have the game released in time for the 2011 Holiday season. Director Koichi Hayashida closely supervised the team to ensure they would understand Nintendo's game design philosophy and work in harmony with the main development team. The team was contracted again for Super Mario 3D World.