Unwinnable state

An unwinnable state (also called a  softlock) is when a level or a whole game is still technically playable but is impossible to complete because either a technique or an object needed to progress has become inaccessible to the player, the player character is trapped with no means of escape, or a script fails to trigger. Unwinnable situations can be the result of a glitch, the result of players going out of their way to trap themselves, or intentional on the part of the game designers, although due to the Mario franchise's accessible, player-friendly design, instances of intentionally unwinnable scenarios are non-existent.

Note that this does not include scripted boss battles the player has to lose in Mario RPGs, such as the first battles with Bowser in Paper Mario  and the Shroobs in Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time. Even if they are literally "unwinnable", they are necessary in order to advance the plot or otherwise progress the game.

Super Mario Bros.
The Minus World in most versions of the game (the Family Computer Disk System version excluded) is impossible to complete, due to the pipe at the end of the level being glitched and taking the player back to the start.

In some castle levels, there are some areas where there is no ceiling, yet still at least one platform high enough for Mario/Luigi to go above it. However, this will only result in him being trapped above the level by the time he reaches Bowser, and therefore leading him to inevitably lose a life by running out of time.

Super Mario Bros. 2
If the player digs up all the soft sand at the left side of the splitting path in World 2-2, they will be unable to jump out. The Super Mario Advance remake fixes this by adding a vase that can be used to reset the sand by entering and leaving it.

Super Mario 64
To defeat Bowser in Bowser in the Dark World, Bowser in the Fire Sea, and Bowser in the Sky, Mario must throw him into the bombs around the arena. If Mario Long Jumps into all the bombs to detonate them, he will be left with no way to defeat Bowser unless he leaves the level. To fix this in the remake, one bomb always reappears in the arena if the player tries to detonate all of them, making it still possible to beat Bowser nonetheless. Additionally, it is also possible to trick Bowser into lunging after Mario and jumping directly into the pit. Normally, Mario would need to throw Bowser in the pit for him to land there, but if Bowser does so as part of his own attack, the game will not respawn him to jump back onto the stage.

If one of the Bullies in Lethal Lava Land is pushed into the lava at a specific angle, it will be stuck there. Doing this will not count as defeating it, resulting in not spawning the Big Bully that must also be defeated to complete the mission.

Super Mario Sunshine
If the Pokey Heads in the Red Coin Field fall off the stage, the player will not be able to collect the Red Coin from defeating them and will have to restart the level.

Super Mario Galaxy
In the Gusty Garden's Gravity Scramble mission in the Gusty Garden Galaxy, it is possible to fall back onto the final Disk Planet with the Launch Star by performing a Long Jump in the right place. However, because the gravity has now changed on the ! and ? Planets, the player will be forced to restart the mission.

If the Cataquack in the Wall Jumping up Waterfalls mission in the Beach Bowl Galaxy touches Ice Mario on the same frame one of the ice pillars breaks the platform it is standing on, the Cataquack will start glowing and the game will become unresponsive. The player will then have to restart the mission to continue.

On the missions Purple Coins on the Battlerock and Battlestation's Purple Coins, if the player leaves behind any of the Purple Coins, they will be unable to obtain the Power Star as the platforms that the player rides throughout the level do not backtrack.

Super Mario Galaxy 2
In the mission Digga-Leg's Planet during the boss fight against Digga-Leg it is possible to get stuck on the front part of the planet by getting in between his legs and head. In this state the player has only the option of dying by drilling into the void or restarting the mission.

In The Chimp's Coin Challenge in Slimy Spring Galaxy, after winning the challenge the player is transported to the beginning of the galaxy where the Power Star is obtained. However, if the player goes down the waterslide, they will not be able to collect the Power Star and therefore must restart the mission.

During Silver Stars in the Whomp Fortress, if the player uses the Cloud Flower to reach the Bonus Planet, they will be unable to return to the starting planet. To return, the player must lose a life or restart the mission.

New Super Mario Bros. Wii
If a player under the effects of the Super Star lands on a moving block in the middle of a somersault on the frame the Star runs out, they will be stuck in their somersault animation, unable to move.

New Super Mario Bros. U
In New Super Mario Bros. U in the level Bramball Woods, it is possible to get stuck underneath the third Bramball in the level. Normally, Bramballs will automatically move when the player is nearby. However, allowing the Bramball to return to its original location while standing on top of the Big Block can occasionally cause the Bramball to remain in place, trapping the player. Jumping against the Bramball has no effect, and if the player is in small form, they cannot escape without losing a life.

Super Mario Bros. Special
Due to oversights or glitches, there are two examples of unwinnable situations, both in World 4. In World 4-2, a certain pipe lacks an assigned destination, meaning that if it is entered, Mario will never exit, and thus be trapped until the timer runs out. Similarly, in World 4-3, a Coin Heaven area's pipe cannot be entered, trapping Mario in that area until the timer runs out.

Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island
GO! GO! MARIO!! has a Super Star that Yoshi can reach by jumping off a Shy-Guy. However, unless he has any Yoshi Eggs or watermelons, he will be unable to get out of the area and must quit out of the level. This is fixed in Yoshi's Island: Super Mario Advance 3.

Paper Mario: Color Splash
The Kamek curse battles may result in situations that make the battle impossible to win (for example, forcing the player to only use Hammer cards against a flying enemy). The only solution is to exit the game (as the Kamek curse battles disable the Flee command) or waste one’s entire supply of cards.

Paper Mario: The Origami King
Before version 1.0.1., in Shangri-Spa, after obtaining the VIP pass to access the Spring of Rainbows, if the player left the path to it after entering, the VIP pass would be gone from the menu. If the player then spoke to the Toad at the reception, they would not have the stamp card and there would be no way to get another one. Saving after this point would have bricked the save file.

Luigi's Mansion
When battling Chauncey, a glitch can occur that makes the ball needed to defeat him stuck in mid-air.

Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon
In Treacherous Mansion, it is possible to open a door leading to the pirate ship on the side of the mansion by holding a nearby switch down with an object. If the player enters this area while a ghost knocks away the object, the door will become blocked again after they enter the room, leaving them stuck on a tiny platform and forced to restart the level.

It is also possible to be unable to win a multiplayer ScareScraper round from a common glitch that stops a necessary key from appearing in the level. If this happens, the players are forced to lose the game.

Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time
At a certain point in the game, the Warp Pipe that leads to the Peach's Castle Dungeon becomes accessible by going to a question marked spot in Peach's Castle. Later in the game, the player will have to go back to Peach's Castle via Peach's Castle Dungeon from the Time holes in the Star Shrine or Toad Town. If the player did not activate the Warp Pipe at Peach's Castle beforehand, the player will be stuck at the dungeon as the pipe that connects to Peach's Castle and the dungeon doesn't appear. This only happens in the American version; The Japanese and European versions managed to fix this glitch.

Mario & Luigi: Dream Team
There are a certain series of glitches in Mushrise Park that makes it possible to fall into the Mini Mario area as both Mario and Luigi, or get stuck in the collision for a nearby bridge. If this happens, the game is unwinnable and the file has to be started over.

Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey
Inside the Trash Pit, if Mario hits an enemy with his hammer on the same frame an enemy hits him, Mario will be frozen with his hammer and the game will softlock.

Additionally, it used to be possible to make the game unwinnable by backtracking as solo Luigi after Mario got captured, since a glitch would result in him getting stuck in a certain area of Dimble Wood and being unable to leave. However, after the first update for the game, this was patched, and any affected save files were also fixed to allow progress.

WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgame$!
At the level 3 difficulty of the microgame Right in the Eye, the eye of the needle may sometimes be positioned outside the playing area, making the game unbeatable. This issue was fixed in the microgame's WarioWare Gold remake.

WarioWare: Touched!
Three microgames in Kat and Ana's set are impossible to complete on early Japanese copies. The lines in Bright Idea and The Proud, the Fuse cannot be drawn while the flashlight in Midnight Weirdo blinks on and off. This glitch was fixed in later Japanese copies.

In Spario, if the player presses the pause button multiple times before the microgame begins, Wario may lack his arms and mustache, making it unbeatable.

Impossible 100% completion
A less severe variation is when a game can still be fully completed but denies the player 100% completion of their save file in some ways. Unlike true unwinnable scenarios, examples of intentional impossible 100% completion are more common in the Mario franchise.

Donkey Kong 64
The five Banana Medals that appear in Hideout Helm do not respawn if the player leaves the area without collecting them, making 101% completion impossible.

New Super Mario Bros. Wii
If the player loses eight lives in a course from one of the first eight worlds before completing it, a Super Guide Block appears when the player re-enters that course. If the player saves the game thereafter, it permanently preventing them from ever having shiny stars on their save file (even if they did not use the Super Guide Block).

Super Mario 3D Land
Similar to New Super Mario Bros. Wii, if the player loses five lives when attempting a course from one of the first eight worlds, an Assist Block will appear on re-entry, permanently preventing the player from ever having shiny stars on their save file.

In all subsequent Mario platformers, making the Super Guide Block or Assist Block appear will not void the player's chance to get shiny stars on their save file; any player who uses the Super Guide or Invincibility Leaf can get shiny stars by completing the same level without using it.

Paper Mario: The Origami King
Before version 1.0.1, if the player turned off the water in the Shroom City Hotel but did not save the Toad that the Snifit was surfing on in the hotel pool before progressing the story, they would be unable to hit it with Mario's hammer. This made it impossible to get all the Toads needed to 100% complete the area, and locked them out of the perfect ending.

If the player defeats the Black Shy Guy with Professor Toad, it was impossible to achieve 100% completion in the Musée Champignon. This was fixed in version 1.0.1 by having a Black Shy Guy appear in Scorching Sandpaper West which can be fought as many times as the player wants.